SummaryThe aim. A prevalence of symptoms and bronchial asthma diagnosis in children have been studied at the Republic of Belarus using an example of the Grodno region. Methods. The results were adjusted to gender and were compared to those from other regions according to the ISAAC program (phase I). Results. One thousand nine hundred and eighty five school children were questioned. It was established that bronchial asthma symptoms are widespread in school children at the Grodno region. Conclusion. These results obtained under ISAAC program (phase I) are in line with the results of similar studies conducted at other regions.

Введение. Проблема аллергических заболеваний у детей является актуальной в связи с ростом этой патологии, трудностями ранней диагностики и выбора соответствующей терапии. Распространенность аллергии определяется генетическими, климатогеографическими, экологическими и другими факторами. Для повышения эффективности профилактики и лечения аллергических заболеваний у детей актуальным является знание региональных особенностей спектра сенсибилизации к аллергенам.Цель. Изучить структуру сенсибилизации у детей с IgE-опосредованной аллергией. Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование уровня специфических IgE-антител к пыльцевым, пищевым, эпидермальным, бытовым и грибковым аллергенам у детей в возрасте от 6 мес. до 14 лет с клиническими симптомами аллергии (респираторные, кожные, гастроинтестинальные). Забор образцов крови проведен с января по ноябрь 2019 г. Количественное определение сывороточных аллерген-специфических антител IgE проводили методом иммуноблотинга (R-Biopharm, Германия) на базе биохимической лаборатории УЗ «ДОКБ» г. Гродно.Результаты. Согласно полученным результатам в структуре сенсибилизации у детей с IgE-опосредованной аллергией ведущая роль принадлежит пищевым аллергенам (p<0,05) – 49,42% (ДИ 43,36–55,49). В группе пищевых аллергенов животного происхождения преобладает (p<0,05) частота сенсибилизации к белку яйца куриного (38,13% (32,41–44,21)) и коровьего молока (30,74% (25,41–36,64)), в группе пищевых аллергенов растительного происхождения – к белкам пшеницы (13,62 (10,92–18,38)) и лесного ореха (17,86% (11,02–24,51)). В группе ингаляционных аллергенов сенсибилизация к клещам домашней пыли установлена у 34,38% (ДИ 28,28–41,26) детей, к пыльцевым аллергенам – у 33,99% (27,82–40,76) детей, к эпидермальным аллергенам – у 26,5% (20,98–33,09) детей, к грибковым аллергенам – у 19,3% (13,04–27,56) детей.Заключение. Региональные особенности спектра сенсибилизации у детей с IgE-опосредованной аллергией необходимо учитывать при составлении программ профилактики и лечения аллергических заболеваний среди детского населения. Introduction. The problem of allergic diseases in children is relevant in connection with the growth of this pathology, the difficulties of early diagnosis, and the choice of appropriate therapy. The prevalence of allergies is determined by genetic, climatic, geographical, environmental and other factors. To increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children, it is relevant to know the regional characteristics of the spectrum of sensitization to allergens.Purpose. To study the structure of sensitization in children with IgE-mediated allergies.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the level of specific IgE antibodies to pollen, food, epidermal, domestic and fungal allergens in children at the age from 6 months up to 14 years with clinical symptoms of allergy (respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal) was carried out. Blood samples were taken from January to November 2019. Quantitative determination of serum allergen-specific IgE antibodies was carried out with the method of immunoblotting (R-Biopharm, Germany) on the base of the biochemical laboratory of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital in Grodno.Results. According to the results, in the structure of sensitization in children with IgE-mediated allergy, the leading role belongs to food allergens (p<0.05) – 49.42% (CI: 43.36–55.49). In the group of food allergens of animal origin, the sensitization rate to protein of chicken eggs (38.13% (32.41– 44.21)) and cow’s milk (30.74% (25.41–36, 64)) prevails (p<0.05), in the group of food allergens of plant origin – to proteins of wheat (13.62 (10.92–18.38)) and hazelnuts (17.86% (11.02–24.51)). In the group of inhaled allergens, sensitization to house dust mites was found in 34.38% (CI: 28.28–41.26) of children, to pollen allergens – in 33.99% (27.82–40.76) of children, to epidermal allergens – in 26.5% (20.98–33.09) of children, to fungal allergens – in 19.3% (13.04–27.56) of children.Conclusion. The regional characteristics of the sensitization spectrum in children with IgE-mediated allergies should be taken into account when designing programs for prevention and treatment of allergic diseases among children.

Background. To study the prevalence of symptoms of allergic diseases among school students of the Grodno region (Republic of Belarus). Methods. Researches conducted a questioning method by means of the Russian version of the standardized «International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood» program (ISAAC). Results. Results of questioning of 1787 schoolchildren showed that the wheezing, within the last 12 months was registered in 9,3% of children of the first classes (DI: 7,5-11,5%) and in 9,1% of children of the eighth classes (DI: 7,5-11%), rhinitis symptoms without cold or flu - in 29,7% of children of the first classes (DI: 26,7-32,85%) and in 47,2% of children of the eighth classes (DI: 44-50%), symptoms of atopic dermatitis - in 8,2% of children of the first classes (DI: 6,6-10%) and in 1,9% of children of the eighth classes (DI: 1-2,97%). Frequency of clinically verified diagnosis of bronchial asthma at schoolchildren at the age of 6-7 y.o. and at the age of 13-14 y.o. was 3,9% (DI: 3-4,9%), allergic rhinitis - 5,6% (DI: 4,6-6,8%), atopic dermatitis - 6,2% (DI: 5,2-7%). Conclusion. Results of the study confirm the need of carrying out further epidemiological researches for the purpose of earlier identification of patients with allergic diseases.

Конфликт интересов. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Финансирование. Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки.Financing. The study was performed without external funding.

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