The decline of soil nutrient status and productivity of crops, and restoration of soil health is a key global concern. Crop yields are reduced by soil degradation, which endangers the world's food supply. Crop yields and soil health are further decreased by improper fertilizers use in conjunction with intense cropping. A wide variety of plants, particularly monocotyledonous crops can collect significant levels of silicon in their organs showing the benefits of silicon in terms of growth, biomass, and yield, whereas most dicots are unable to accumulate enough Si under their epidermal system. In the present investigation, treatment of applying silica solubilizer at a rate of 12.5 kg with 50 kg FYM/ha in soil with sett treatment of 0.5% K2SiO3,2.5% urea and potash foliar spray in a specified time showed a significant result in all the growth and yield parameters tested when plant and its ratoon were in drought condition.

Recently, farmers are shifting to organic farming and are interested in the adoption of various plant and animal waste as nutrient sources in organic agriculture to supply the nutrients for getting the expected yield.  Currently, farmers believe that the application of panchagavya and fish extracts play a major role in enhancing the biological efficiency of crop plants.  Hence, a field study was conducted to assess the effect of foliar application of panchagavya, fish extracts and organic substances on yield and quality of ash gourd under organic farming during Kharif,   2020 at Murungai village in Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu. The results of the study indicated that foliar application of Panchgavya @ 3%, and fish extracts @ 0.5% along with soil application of FYM @25 t/ha, Groundnut cake @ 100 kg/ha and Neem cake @ 200kg/ha recorded significantly higher fruit yield (25.55 t/ha) compared to other treatments. Further, nutrient contents of ash gourd were studied under various foliar applications of organics and the fruit pulp was used for analysis. The quality parameters viz., protein content of fruit (0.54 g/100 g), Fat (0.13 g/100 g), carbohydrate (2.44 g/100 g), Fibre (1.14g/100 g), Zinc (0.14mg/100 g), Iron  (0.44 mg/100 g) recorded were significantly higher with the application of Panchagavya, fish extract and oil cake application. Therefore, it is found that foliar application of Panchgavya @ 3%, and Fish extracts @ 0.5% along with FYM (25 t/ha), Groundnut cake (100 kg/ha) and Neem cake (200 kg/ha) could be used for getting more yield under organic farming system.

Climate change has emerged as one of the major global environmental issues that greatly influence agricultural production and food security. To meet these emerging challenges of climate change, there is an urgent need for developing promising improved technologies for mitigating of combating the adverse effect of climate change. Climate changes have a direct impact on rainfed crops including pulses. Reduction in yields due to climate change is prominent, since pulses occupy major area in rainfed situation. Hence the present investigation was carried out to study the impact of climate change on productivity of rainfed pulse and climate resilient technologies in increasing productivity of blackgram under rainfed situation. Mohanur block was purposively selected from Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu for the present study. Demonstrations were conducted in 50 farmer’s field in 3 villages, where climate resilient technologies viz., improved blackgram variety VBN 8, biofertilizer application, pulse wonder spray (@5kg/ha) and trap for reducing pest incidence were included under this study. In terms of yield, farmers received an average yield of 854 - 985kg/ha of blackgram variety VBN 8 against 734 kg/ha of old blackgram VBN 4 variety. The highest gross income of Rs.31200 - 39650/ha were also realized from blackgram followed by VBN 8. Highest benefit-cost ratio (2.9-3.0) was realized in case of blackgram variety VBN 8 compared to farmers practices with old variety (2.2-2.4). Based on the experiment it can be concluded that the cultivation of blackgram VBN 8 recorded more profit. Hence, new blackgram VBN 8 variety in rainfed condition is a viable option for combating negative impacts of climate change.  The farmers expressed their preference (per cent) for blackgram variety VBN 8 on the aspects like less pest and disease resistance (83%), grain yield (78%), climate variation resistance (58%), time of maturity (76%), ease of processing during harvesting (89%), socio-cultural compatibility (74%) and market price (65%). Improved crop varieties are widely accepted as primary input for guaranteed increase in production and productivity under various situations

The decline of soil nutrient status and productivity of crops, and restoration of soil health is a key global problem. Crop yields are reduced by soil degradation, which endangers the world's food supply. Crop yields and soil health are further decreased by improper fertilizers in conjunction with intense cropping. A wide variety of plants, particularly monocotyledonous crops that can collect significant levels of silicon in their organs, have shown the benefits of silicon in terms of growth, biomass, and yield. According to the results, silica solubilizer was applied to the soil at a rate of 12.5 kg, 50 kg FYM/ha, and setts were treated with 0.5% K2 SiO3 and 2.5% urea and potash foliar spray every 15 days between 60 and 150 days after planting (DAP) showed, leaf area, maximum tiller population, specific leaf area, leaf area index, macro, and micronutrients, specific leaf weight, quality parameters and commercial cane sugar percent both the ratoon crop and the plant are in drought condition.