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Recent advances in data acquisition technologies, have led to a growing interest in capturing high resolution rock surface images, Digital geologic maps that use a virtual globe interface, like google earth are a relatively new medium for presenting geologic data and interpretations. Models viewed in google earth are more intuitive for visualizing 3-D geological structures than traditional paper maps. Google earth displays satellite images of varying resolution of the earth's surface, allowing us to see things looking perpendicularly down or at an oblique angle, with perspective. Geological lineaments represent the intersection between discontinuity planes and an observation surface. Lineament identification plays key role in an underground project in all phases of the investigations and construction stages. Lineaments perceived in google earth images are reliable indicators of geologic structure. For identification of lineaments, google earth images technique is the most effective tool in conjunction with ground truth and toposheet for collection of spatial information and very useful in identification and mapping of the lineaments of an area. Structural geology studies, geologic lineaments and their pattern information are essential for better planning and timely execution of projects to avoid any hazards, google earth images provide lineament information.

An improved model for force transients in turning is introduced to incorporate the geometry of the cut, as well as plowing at the cutting edge and rubbing of the flank wear land against the workpiece surface. This model is compared experimentally with the existing force models and is shown to provide an accurate representation of the force transients.

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