Civilian popliteal gunshot injuries are attended by a high amputation rate. Prompt resuscitation and revascularization appear to be the only correctable factors that may improve limb salvage rates.

ligation is an acceptable form of treatment of cervicomediastinal venous injuries in the presence of haemodynamic instability, or where complex methods of repair would otherwise be necessary.

The recognition of this potential complication is important for physicians performing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC. Special caution should be taken when patients with seizure disorders are being considered for this treatment.