The effects of heating time on physical changes (weight, volume, texture and colour) of coffee beans (Outspan and Guaxupe coffee) were investigated. The roasting temperature of both samples was 170°C and samples for analysis were taken at the intervals of 7 minutes during 40 minutes of roasting. Total weight loss at the end of the roasting process was 14.43 % (light roasted) and 17.15 % (medium to dark roasted) for Outspan and Guaxupe coffee beans, respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) changes in the coffee bean breaking force values were noted between the 7th and 14th minutes, and statistically not significant (P > 0.05) between the 35th and 40th minutes of the roasting. According to the L* colour parameter as a criterion for the classification of roasted coffee colour (light, medium, dark), the Outspan sample was medium and Guaxupe sample was dark roasted

A study was carried out on a typical homemade Petrovská klobasá in order to characterize this traditional dry-fermented sausage, to provide a basis for establishing the quality standard and protecting designation of origin. This paper reviews the chemical composition, some physicochemical, proteolytic and sensory parameters of Petrovská klobasá made by five manufacturers chosen as representatives. Beside the differences between sausages made by different manufacturers the main properties of this traditional product were though recognized. Compared to other dry-fermented sausages Petrovská klobasá is characterized by a high content of protein (23.36-30.45%) and low contents of NaCl (2.99-3.28%). With some minor exceptions, the values of other chemical parameters are within the range of those observed for various dry-cured sausages. Weight loss during the processing is high (up to 45.71%) and pH value (~ 5.4) corresponds to the values for this parameter in other European traditional fermented sausages. Contents of different nitrogen fractions show that Petrovská klobasá undergoes significant proteolytic changes. At the end of ripening, Petrovská klobasá is characterized by aromatic and spicy-hot flavor, dark-red color and hard consistency

In this paper, the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of reduced-fat (approximately 35 % lower) cooked sausage, made with addition of 5% inulin, (sausage A) were examined and compared with those of conventionally cooked sausage (sausage B). Chemical composition was evaluated according to standard ISO methods. Instrumental measurements of colour (

In this work, caraway or oregano essential oils were added to the cast chitosan film in an attempt to design a natural, biodegradable, bioactive (antioxidant and antimicrobial) packaging film. When the structure of the tested films was analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, no significant differences were found between the chitosan film with and without essential oils of caraway or oregano. The lowest antioxidant activity, based on the scavenging of the stable DPPH? free radical, was detected for the chitosan film without oil addition, going from 11.64%, after 2.5 h to 28.96%, after 24 h. When the caraway essential oil was added to the chitosan film, the antioxidant activity was increased (p<0.05) to 33.47?4.77%, after 2.5 h and to 81.08?0.64%, after 24 h. This increase in the antioxidant activity was even higher in the film with oregano essential oil (p<0.05). After 2.5 h, the value for the antioxidant activity of the chitosan-oregano film was 87.58?1.71%, and after 4 h and 24 h it was above 90%. The obtained results for the antimicrobial activity showed that the chitosan film is an effective antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. When caraway essential oil was added in 1% volume concentration to the film, no increase in the antimicrobial action of chitosan film was detected. On the other hand, the addition of oregano essential oil promoted chitosan film antimicrobial activity, which was particularly evident with Escherichia coli. The results showed that the chitosan film can be successfully applied as a matrix carrier for essential oils in the active film system.[ Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31032]

Chitosan, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, after cellulose, has been tested for numerous applications, among which for edible film and coating. Chitosan-based coating showed positive results for shelf life prolongation of meet products. In this paper, dry fermented sausage (Petrovsk? klob?sa) was coated with chitosan-caraway film. The effect of coating on the moisture content, color and lipid oxidation was investigated during a fivemonth period of storage. The moisture content decreased rapidly during the storage and the coating did not slow down the loss of moisture. The Lightness (L*) of the sausage surface increased by the coating application, while the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) did not change. The coated sausages showed a better color stability of the sausage core through the storage time. Also, coated sausage showed a better oxidative stability till the 60th day of storage, while this difference was not detected at the end of the storage period. Apart from slowing down sausage drying during the storage, chitosan-caraway coating was effective in preserving the sausage quality. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31032]