This study aimed to determine the population structure and reproduction performance of pigs in East Sumba Regency. The study was conducted from February to May 2017 with the research method used is a survey with direct interviews of 200 respondents. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical approach which is depicted in the frequency table of each indicator. The measured variables were male and female population structure covering children (0-3 months), young (3-7 months), adults (>8 months). While reproductive performance includes duration of estrus, estrus cycle, litter size, wean count, mortality rate. The results showed that the population structure of pigs in the dominance of female livestock: male sequentially include children 53.39:46.61%, young 57.50:42,50%, adults 54.17: 45,83%. While the reproduction performance of pigs such as estrus length 3.25 day, estrus cycle 20.45 day, liter size 9.75 tail and mortality 17.03%. Thus it can be concluded that the structure of pig population is dominated by females. While the reproduction performance of pigs are classified as good category.