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There is very little information available about the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Africa. We obtained blood from 75 Nigerians hospitalized in Sokoto for a variety of acute medical conditions. Their age range was 7 months to 50 years; there were 39 males and 36 females. Antibody titers were determined to phase I and phase II C. burnetii antigens using a microimmunofluorescence test. Thirty-three (44%) had an antibody titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 to phase II C. burnetii. We conclude on the basis of this limited survey that Q fever is common in Nigeria.

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