to 500• C) while the deposition velocity decreases. All as-deposited films are amorphous. Post-annealing in air to temperatures higher than 500• C leads to a distorted hexagonal crystal phase. With XPS and depth profiling, the stoichiometry and residuals from the precursor solution in these films have been investigated. In particular, the decomposition of the alcoholic component by post-annealing could be followed with XPS.

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Electrochemical corrosion effects can occur in thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules that are fabricated on tin-oxide-coated glass when operating at high voltages and at elevated temperatures in a humid climate. The current study shows that this corrosion is associated with a delamination of the tin oxide layer from the glass, which is caused by sodium accumulation near the interface between the tin oxide and the glass and by the ingression of moisture into the PV module from the edges. This corrosion in thin-film PV modules can be significantly reduced by altering the growth conditions of the tin oxide or by using zinc oxide as a transparent conductive oxide electrode.