An outbreak investigation was initiated following an unusual occurence of kala azar reported among people residing in the tribal belt of Kulathupuzha area, eastern part of Kollam district, Kerala, Southern India. 2 cases of kala azar were investigated during 2016-2018. Epidemiological analysis indicated no epidemiological link between the cases. However the Visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis intruding into newer regions pose a major threat to ongoing leishmaniasis elimination and maintenance programs.

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