Coleus is a perennial herb with fleshy, fibrous roots and grows wild in the warm sub-tropical temperate areas in India. In Ayurvedic Medicine it has been used for over 3,000 years to treat heart and lung diseases. In India it has been cultivated for a long time as an important medicinal plant because of its unique diterpenoid content. In recent years the plant has gained pharmacological importance as the only known plant source of the adenylate cyclase activating compound. Detailed soil characterization was carried out in different yield rating (low, medium and high) zones in two Agro climatic zones of (North Eastern and Hill area zones) of Tamil Nadu to assessing the yield limiting soil factors. Typifying soil profiles and surface samples were collected from representing agro climatic zones and soils were analysed. Soils are shallow to deep, well to somewhat poorly drained, dark brown to dark reddish brown in moist colour. The soils were sandy clay loam to sandy clay and clay content ranged from 28 to 45%. The organic carbon in soils ranged from 0.10 to 1.16% and cation exchange capacity from 8.2 to 16.6 cmol (p + ) kg -1 soil, respectively. Soils were low in available nitrogen, low to medium in available phosphorus and low to medium in available potassium. In general, soils were deficient in DTPAextractable Zn and other micro nutrients like copper, iron and manganese are sufficient. Plant characteristics of different climatic zones were shows significant with soil depth and other characteristics.

Maize (Zea maysL.) is the most widely grown cereal in the world, accounting for 1,116.34 MT of production in 2019/2020.In Africa, this crop represented approximately 56% of the total cultivated area from 1990 to 2005. About 50% of the African population depends on maize as a staple food and source of carbohydrates, protein, iron, vitamin B, and minerals. Lately, maize has become a cash crop which contributes to the improvement of farmers' livelihoods. For example, the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Transformation (SPAT) III outlined that fertilizer availability in Rwandashouldincrease to55,000MT per year, whilefertilizeruseshouldincreasefrom30 kg/ha in 2013 to 45kg/ha for the 2017/18croppingseason. Only inorganic fertilizers are currently being used in maize production in Rwanda. This research was conducted to assess the effects of liquid(CBX: Complete Biological Extract) and granular fertilizers on maize crop yields in Rwanda. The study was conducted in the fields oftheRwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board(Rubona Station)during the 2018/2019cropping season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether differences between treatments were statistically significant, with the threshold for statistical significance set at p <0.05. Above ground biomass differed significantly between treatments,with maximum and minimum values of 11,475 kg and 7,850 kg, respectively, being observed. Furthermore, the harvest index differed significantly between treatments,with minimum and maximum values of 0.2136 and 0.33, respectively, being observed. Grain yield also differed significantly between treatments, with the highest value (3,053 kg/ha) observed for a treatment which applied liquid and granular fertilizer at equal proportions (treatment 8), and the lowest one was found in treatment 3 with 1,852 kg/ha. In this study, the gap between the lowest and highest grain yields was about 39.3%. In conclusion, the combination of organic liquid fertilizer and granular fertilizer can significantly increase the grain yield of maize in Rwanda.