In India, with a growing population, soil and water resources are becoming increasingly scarce, highlighting the importance of maximising their usage for crop production. Due to urbanization, climate change, natural disasters and the indiscriminate application of herbicides and pesticides, all of which are reducing land fertility, poor yield and quality are currently affecting soil-based agriculture. So, now a days Hydroponic farming is gaining popularity around the world due to its effective resource management and high-quality food production. In this review article, types of hydroponics viz. wick system, ebb and flow, drip system, Nutrient Film Technique, deep water culture system and aeroponics; operations by this technique were discussed. These techniques have several advantages, including fewer growing times of crop than traditional methods, year-round production, low disease and pest incidence, and the elimination of weeding, spraying, and watering. Hydroponics play a great role in cultivating plants especially in urban areas, where very limited space available and water scarcity area.

A research work was carried out on cultivation of basil crop under hydroponics by controlling the environmental parameters at Dr. NTR College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla. The results of research work conducted for two seasons i.e., season_1(April and May) and season_2(August and September) on environmental parameters is presented in this paper. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) was used in the hydroponics to increase the growth of basil crop. The environment was maintained using foggers to bring the temperature and humidity to optimum level. Using proper instrumentation, the foggers were operated to maintain these two environmental parameters. CO2 , temperature and humidity were measured with ‘Rotronic CP11’ make instrument. Polynomial equations were fitted for the humidity and temperatures maintained inside the hydroponic polyhouse which are discussed in this paper.