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Traditionally, the basic etiological concepts are considered in the views on the morphophysiological basis of hyperkinesis. Hyperkinesia is associated with hypotonia, a decrease in muscle tone, and hyperkinetic disorders are psychogenic and manifest in childhood. Hyperkinesia can be caused by a large number of various diseases, including metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption, hereditary disorders, vascular disorders or traumatic disorders. Other causes include intoxication of the nervous system, autoimmune diseases and infections. The classification of hyperkinesis is that hyperkinetic motions can be defined as any undesirable, excessive movements that can be distinguished from each other, based on the degree to which they are rhythmic, discrete, repetitive and random. When assessing a patient with suspected hyperkinesia, the doctor thoroughly records in the history of the disease a clear description of the movements, the medications prescribed in the past and present, the family history of the similar diseases, the history of the disease, including past infections, and any other influences. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms, restoring normal posture and improving the general condition of the patient.

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Laid down in Article materials based on their own experience and the staff of the Department of Neurology reflexology National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education named after P.L. Shupyk, which at present applies and implements the latest educational process of education of future certain specialties, based on international cooperation.

The modern understanding about aetiopathogenesis of syringomyelia, its classification are enlighted in this article. The characteristics of clinical progression depending on the forms of the diseases, differential diagnosis are described. The authors pay their attention to the current approaches to a therapy of syringomyelia, described prognosis for the disease, touch upon the points of working capacity examination.