Deposited films of transition metals (Ti, V, and Ni) have been diffused into LiNbO3 crystals to form low-loss TE and TM mode optical waveguides. Using Ti, single-mode low-loss waveguides which confine the guided light to within ∼1 μm of the surface have been constructed. The choice of diffusion parameters allows independent control of important waveguide parameters.

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The fabrication and evaluation of corrugation grating filters with reflectivities better than 75% and bandwidths less that 2 Å is reported. Grating filters were fabricated on glass waveguides using standard interferometric and ion-beam machining techniques and evaluated with a tunable dye laser. Measured and calculated filter responses are found to be in excellent agreement. Tolerances for realizing ideal filter performances are given.

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An integrated optical filter composed of coupled nonidentical strip waveguides in LiNbO3 is demonstrated. The device has a 200-Å bandwidth, is tunable over several hundred angstroms, and offers electrical control of the crossover efficiency.