Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia accounting for one-third of the total admissions for cardiac rhythm disturbances and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is the best method to find out the causes for the development of atrial fibrillation. This study was aimed to assess the clinical and echocardiographic profile of atrial fibrillation and its associated complications. A total of 120 cases of both genders (males 62 & females 58), clinically diagnosed with atrial fibrillation between age group 21-70 years were recruited. Study participants were subjected to detailed physical, systemic, radiological (chest X-ray PA view, transthoracic ECG) and laboratory investigations (blood glucose, thyroid function tests). Majority cases were in belonging to 4 th and 5 th decades of age. Dyspnea (90) was a common symptom followed by palpitation (39), fatigue (18), chest pain (10) and syncope (5). The CHA2DS2-VASc score was above 2 in 64.1%, which indicates a high risk for stroke occurrence. Among 54 RHD cases, 44.4% cases had mitral stenosis, followed by MS+MR in 24.07%, MS+AS+AR in 14.8% cases, MS+MR+AS+AR in 7.40% cases and S/P MVR in 9.25% cases. Rheumatic heart disease (45%) is the most common etiological factor associated with atrial fibrillation followed by hypertension (23.3%) and coronary artery disease (18.3%). The Left atrial enlargement was seen in study participants and a structural abnormality in echocardiography was observed.

Cardiovascular complications are common cause of mortality on cases with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both idiopathic and drug induced lupus have cardiac manifestations. The present study was designed to evaluate cardiovascular manifestations in cases with systemic lupus erythematosus. A total of 64 clinically and serologically diagnosed cases of systemic lupus erythematosus above 21 years of age were recruited. Clinical and serological examination was performed to assess the study participants. All the cases were subjected to ECG and chest X-ray and later were subjected to echocardiography to assess all the cardiac features. Majority cases were in between 21-30 years (32.1%) followed by 31-40 years (28.1%). 54.68% cases had disease >5 years and 45.31% cases had disease <5 years. 46.87% cases had oral and nasal ulcers, followed by chest pain (37.5%), dyspnoea (31.25%), photosensitivity (17.1%), Raynaud phenomenon (17.1%), arthralgia (15.6%), palpitations (15.6%), seizures (12.5%), syncope (10.9%) and myalgia (7.81%). Echo findings showed that 6 cases had systolic dysfunction, 4 cases had diastolic dysfunction, 7 cases had regional hypokinesia, 6 cases had global hypokinesia, 22 cases had pericardial effusion, 4 cases had pericardial thickening, 10 cases had mitral valve prolapse syndrome, 1 case had mitral stenosis, 16 cases had mitral regurgitation, 9 cases had aortic thickening, 6 cases had aortic regurgitation, 10 cases had tricuspid regurgitation, 11 cases had pulmonary hypertension and 1 case had pulmonary stenosis. Pericarditis and pericardial effusion was the most common cardiovascular manifestation and global hypokinesia was least common cardiac manifestation.