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Cyclic combustion variations have been demonstrated to exist in a direct injection Diesel engine to a surprisingly large extent. With the aid of an on-line computer engine-test facility statistical and correlation analyses were carried out to verify a strong relationship between the cyclic combustion variations and variations in the timing of fuel injection. The importance of these cyclic variations in the reduction of nitric oxide emissions from the engine is shown by experimental results and computer combustion model predictions. The overall effect on nitric oxide emissions is, however, small over most of the operating range of the engine.