Abstract:The environment has many severe effects on the Archaeological sites all over the world, it varies from country to the other, there are agriculture, desert and marine environments, the monument is neonate its environment, from the first, the building materials were from the environment, also the deterioration factors are from the environment, this research sheds the light on the marine environment's effect on the deterioration of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean sea coast ( Alexandria -Egypt as an example), the effects vary from the relative humidity, air temperature variations, wind, sea levels rise, underground water, air pollution, rain and tides. The case study tombs in Alexandria which suffer from the marine environment's effect are Kom El -Shoqafa catacombs and El-Shattbi catacombs, the deterioration factors related to the marine environment cause the degradation of these catacombs and this precious cultural heritage.

The Wall paintings in Bahariya oasis expose to various deterioration factors, especially the resulted deterioration from the geological nature of sandstones' supports; sandstone of Bahariya formation is considered the weakest sandstone type in Egypt because of its geological formation which contains a very big percentage of iron oxides. Sandstone samples were taken, analyzed and examined by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, the iron oxides are thecement material in sandstone which affect negatively on the wall paintings in the selected tombs (Badi –Ishtarand Bannantiu tombs),they caused a lot of deterioration phenomena to the wall painting layers like: layers loss,black spots, cracking through all the layers and sandstone support weakness that threatens the remaining wall paintings and the safety of the tombs. Iron oxides percentage in Badi – Ishtartomb is more than Bannantiu tomb and this is reflected on the wall paintings case in Badi – Eshtar. This research sheds the light on this phenomenon and its effect on the wall painting's deterioration.

Abstract:The Agricultural Environment has a severe effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites, it causes many deterioration phenomena to these sites, most of them are biodeterioration and the others are physio -chemical deterioration. Sarabium archaeological site located in Atfiyah's center -Egypt, it belonged to 26 th dynasty, the site suffers from the agricultural environment's effect because it is very near from the fields in the area (100 meter approx. far only). The most effective factor of deterioration is the groundwater which affects badly on the deterioration of the building materials there, many microorganisms grow on lime stone carved coffins and ruins, they secret organic compounds which react with lime stone and turn it to soluble salts, the groundwater comes from the fields and contains many salts which dissolve in it and rise with the capillary system to the building materials not only this effect, but also the intensive growth of weeds in the site. This research aims to study the agricultural environment's effect on the deterioration of the archaeological sites with an application on Atfiyah's Sarabium archaeological site -Giza -Egypt.

Vegetable tanned leather shoes are considered one of the most important museum artifacts in the both local and international museums, they represent cultural and civilized heritage, we can devise from them very important information about history, Art and important sciences. They are exposed to several problems in their excavated sites or inside museums and their stores; the most important problem is the Biodeterioration which causes the degradation and the loss of these shoes in the end by secreting organic acids like oxalic and citric acids. In this research this problem will be presented with an application on a chosen object from the Agricultural museum in Egypt, Biological scans by sterilized swabs were taken from the surface of the shoes to identify the Fungi grown on the surface of the shoes.

Stone false doors are considered one of history writing resources, within them, a lot of topics belonged to ancient Egyptian religious rites can be described, some of them contains inscriptions depict sacrifice forms of Egyptian gods and goddess, and with the false door, dead's soul can entre and go out between the world of living and the dead, there are a lot of limestone objects stored at Atfiyah museum store -Ministry of Antiquities -Egypt which known for the archaeologists as (Ali El-Kholy museum store), these objects exposed to many deterioration factors that threaten them especially the false doors. The research aims to shed the light on one of limestone false doors (no. 1755), samples were taken to identify the components and deterioration phenomenon, examined and analyzed to set a tight plan of conservation processes, first, mechanical and chemical cleaning were done to remove dust and clay deposits, then the weak surface were consolidated to save the important inscriptions.