No abstract

The objective of the current research is to investigate the effect of instructors and peers’ oral feedback on the written English accuracy of ESL learners. In this quasi-experimental study, 90 participants are assessed on three distinct forms of feedback (i.e., instructor’s oral metalinguistic feedback along with indirect written feedback, peers’ oral interaction along with indirect written feedback and no feedback) for writing errors of three types (i.e., verb tense, preposition, and articles). The participants are assessed three times; pre-test, an immediate post-test and delayed post-test. ANOVA demonstrates that learners receiving instructors’ oral metalinguistic feedback along with indirect written feedback outperform those who receive peers’ oral interaction along with indirect written feedback and no feedback in two out of three linguistic forms in subsequent writing. The findings of the study suggest that employing oral metalinguistic instructors’ feedback along with written feedback in the Pakistani language learning context can help learners improve their English language learning. Consequently, language efficiency may improve overall academic performance and success ratio in academia.

This study focuses on the importance of monitoring and evaluation in education through Egovernance especially in low-budgeted educational institutions of Punjab, Pakistan. In this era of fast-paced world, monitoring and evaluation system for education needs to be revamped in terms of digitization for effective and efficient progression, results and follow-up (Sabbagh et al, 2012). There are some reference documents/frameworks available in Pakistan to evaluate and monitor schools, however, there is near to none collaboration among the public and private sector schools with respect to evaluation in education through e-governance. So, there is a need to answer that how ready is the education sector for e-governance in terms of monitoring and evaluation. Moreover, how effective it will prove to be a support for the school leadership to make informed decisions. To answer these questions, this research is expedited with the help of Hertzberg's Two Factor (Motivation and Hygiene factors) Theory of Motivation (1968). The

Teaching in Pakistan has always shown irregular policy decisions with reference to medium of instructions, and choice of language used by teachers and students. This has resulted in below average education quality in government schools. Multitude of research has been done, both internationally and nationally, on use of language for teaching and learning. Using language repertoire of a learner has been found useful and effective for development and learning (Manan et al., 2017, Liebscher & Dailey, 2005). With recent trend towards code switching by declaring EMI as a challenge (p.47, National Education Policy Report, 2017), the paper aims at mapping teachers' perspective on the policy. This is achieved through a questionnaire and series of interviews on code switching developed on patterns of Translanguage theory (García & Lin,