Background: Double-J stent is well known for relieving urinary tract obstruction, but still, some patients might develop double-J stent-related urinary tract infection (UTI), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), lower abdominal pain, and hematuria. This study aims to compare alpha-blockers and antimuscarinics for the treatment of double-j stent-related lower urinary tract symptoms. Methodology: Patients planned for double-J stent insertion undergoing the urological procedure for ureteric stones were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. One group was labeled as the tamsulosin (T), and the other was labeled as the solifenacin succinate (S) group. Group" T" patients were prescribed tamsulosin 0.4 mg once at bedtime and solifenacin succinate 10mg once daily to group "S" for 2 weeks. Improvement in symptoms was checked by means of international prostate symptom score (IPSS)/ quality of life (QoL) score charts for LUTS in the out-patient clinic at baseline and at follow-up.  Results: When comparing the absolute changes in IPSS/QoL for LUTS scores, both groups showed significant improvement in double-J stent-related lower urinary symptoms, body pain, generalized body weakness, and sexual function, which affect their quality of life (QoL). The mean index score of all domains in both groups was significantly less (p<0.001). Tamsulosin and solifenacin succinate (S) group was found equally efficacious on urinary symptoms (26.01 ± 5.65 (pre); 5.74 ± 0.99 (post) vs. 26.61 ± 5.7 (pre); 26.01 ± 0.97 (post), (p≤0.001). Similarly, the score of QoI was also found equally efficacious in both groups in pre and post-insertion on two weeks (4.96 ± 0.7 (pre); 81.58 ± 0.64 (post) vs. 4.99 ± 0.81 (pre); 1.45 ± 0.5 (post) (p<0.001). Conclusion: On the basis of results, it is said that a combination of alpha-blockers and antimuscarinic agents has shown significant improvement to reduce double-J stent-related lower urinary symptoms, pain, and quality of life than a single drug alone.

Background: This study aims to assess Tamsulosin's contribution to spontaneous medical expulsion for distal ureteral stones. Methodology: The research included 113 patients diagnosed with the distal ureteral stone of 4-10 mm. These patients were introduced to 0.4 mg of Tamsulosin. The technique of KUB ultrasonography was adopted as the means of assessment of stone status following the period of Tamsulosin introduction. Results: There was a high frequency of Spontaneous expulsion among the enrolled patients (86.73%). Furthermore, there was a significant effect of age on the frequency of spontaneous expulsion (p=0.008). While gender, disease duration, stone size, and side had no significant effect on the frequency of spontaneous expulsion after Tamsulosin administration for distal ureteral stones. Conclusion: It is concluded that Tamsulosin has an efficient impact on triggering spontaneous expulsion among patients with distal ureteral stones.

Background: Partial nephrectomy has emerged as a standard treatment for managing small renal masses. RENAL Nephrometry score (RNS) is a widely used tool for assessing tumors, minimizing bias, and improving clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the frequency of various renal mass complexities based on the RENAL nephrometry score in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy and to compare the mean blood loss in these patients. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation, Karachi- Pakistan. Perioperative blood loss after partial nephrectomy was observed in all cases, and patients had their RENAL nephrometry score determined before surgery. The patient's baseline demographic data, including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), was recorded using a pre-designed Proforma. Results: According to the RNS, there were 33(52.4%) patients with moderate complexity, followed by 19(30.25%) and 11(17.4%) who had severe and mild complexity, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean blood loss among the three groups (p=0.025). Among the cofounders, age, BMI, and male gender significantly affected mean blood loss in different RNS groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a high frequency of moderate renal complexity among the studied patients based on the RNS. A significant difference in the mean blood loss was observed among the patients with mild, moderate, and severe complexity.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the utmost communal type of cancer in adult men. Assessment of serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) is broadly cast-off as a screening assistance in the prompt diagnosis of cancer of prostate. Irrespective of the prostate size or patient’s age, 25% cut off value is set or less free PSA level in percentage is suggested for cases with values of PSA amid 4.1 and 10 ng/ml; This helps in detecting prostate cancers in 95% of cases and prevent 20% of unnecessary biopsies. The greater the free PSA percentage, the less jeopardy of cancer. This analysis was designed to evaluate the incidence of prostate cancer in patients with a low percentage of free PSA. If the scale is found to be higher, aggressive strategies and early treatment can lead to good progress. Aim: To determine the frequency of prostate cancer in males with a low percentage of serum free PSA. Study Design: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study lasting 6 months from July 2020 to December 2020 at the Urology Department of the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. Subject and method: 149 total individuals with symptoms of lower urinary tract were included in the research. All patients who came to the urology clinic (OPD); free PSA were examined with the same technique as the surgical patient and the result was recorded as proforma. Results: - The prostate cancer Incidence in males with decreased free serum PSA in percentage is noted in 128(85.91%) patients. Conclusions: Our study showed that prostate-specific free antigen plays an important role in the analysis of cancer of prostate. Keywords: Serum prostate specific antigen, Prostate cancer, percentage of free PSA