First time synthesized novel WO3 octahedra exhibited photocatalytic performance of about 5.33 times than that of bulk which may be attributed to large surface area and highly reactive facet {120}.

Hollow spheres of iron oxide ( -Fe2O 3 ) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-pot synthesis by using hydrothermal method. Iron salt was dissolved together with glucose in water and then the mixture was heated to 180 ∘ C in an autoclave at 12 and 24 hours of synthesis time separately. Carbon spheres were formed with the metal ions into their hydrophilic shell after the hydrothermal approach. Hollow -Fe 2 O 3 spheres of around 200 to 300 nm size were formed after the calcination that lead to the removal of carbon. Size of nanoparticles, surface area, and thickness of the -Fe 2 O 3 shell can be precisely controlled by controlling the ratio of iron and glucose. Increasing the reaction time will decrease the shell thickness. Phase confirmation and crystalline structure of these nanoparticles were done by XRD. Surface morphology was characterized by SEM and TEM analysis showed the hollow spheres inside and a shell of -Fe 2 O 3 . Further confirmation was done by EDX and FTIR analysis. Iron content was measured by ICP-OES. Cytotoxicity was done by using CCK-8 assay kit in the Hep G-2 cell line showing the nontoxic behavior of -Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The as-prepared nanoparticles can be exploited in a number of applications in areas ranging from medicine to pharmaceutics to material science.

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Background:The body, physique and physical fitness of the university students of two countries would be different because their living environments are different. Therefore, this was arranged to assess the body shape, body function, and physical fitness of Chinese and Pakistani university students who study in China. Methods: Data was collected from (n = 30) Pakistani and (n = 30) Chinese students. The selected variables were anthropometric measures, physical fitness, and physiological tests. Independent t-test and Pearson of correlation were applied for the statistical analysis. Results: results depict the Pakistani students were significantly superior to Chinese students in BMI (P < 0.00, shoulder length (P < 0.04), step test (P < 0.03), standing long jump (P < 0.00) and significantly inferior in sitting height (P > 0.05), heart rate (P < 0.00), percentage of fat (P < 0.00), sit and reach (P < 0.00). There was significant correlation with waist circumference (P < 0.03), waist hip ratio (WHR) (P < 0.00), and negatively correlated to weight (P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure with diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.00). Bone mineral density was negatively correlated with heart rate ( P < 0.03), and body fat (P < 0.01). Conclusion: the higher body size of Pakistani students is genetically affected, and the lesser in body composition and physical fitness is affected by their lack of physical activities. The study provides a layout of a chart to profile the physical status of Pakistani and Chinese university students.