To predict the development of diabetic nephropathy it seems important to choose a fixed heart rate test. High levels of systolic blood pressure in such a test were associated with the development of micro- and macroalbuminuria.

Background: Menopause is an important time in women's life and it is a natural event in the process of aging. The onset of menopause heralds a time of diminished estrogen exposure, which may have both acute and chronic effect on health and quality of life.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted for a period of 3months i.e. June to August 2018 among post menopausal women in 8 selected villages with a sample size of 247.Results: The common post- menopausal symptoms were joint and muscular discomfort, bladder problems, symptoms of dryness of vagina, physical and mental exhaustion. Factors like education, occupation, socio-economic status, marital status, parity, mode of delivery, age at menopause and BMI was related to one or more menopausal symptoms.  Conclusions: Proper and timely intervention among post menopausal women will help to reduce the symptoms and lead a better quality of life.

Background- Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 200 countries, creating havoc throughout the world. The accelerated development of the Covid-19 vaccine is thus vital development which created a milestone in the field of health. Vaccine hesitancy among the medical students and professionals might be a significant obstacles in implementing the vaccination drive programme. Objectives: 1) To assess the perception of medical students regarding COVID-19 vaccine. 2) To estimate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine among medical students of VIMSAR, Burla. 3) To determine the association of various factors with the perceptions and acceptability of COVID-19.Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted for a period of 3months i.e August-October 2022 among the MBBS students of VIMSAR, Burla. The total sample size was 847. Results: 99.4%. of the students accepted Covid-19 as a fatal disease & almost all of the students had heard and know about COVID-19 vaccine but 93.3% among them think the vaccine will prevent the disease and build the immunity but 77.4% accept the vaccine to be safe and effective. Social media(94.3%) and news channel(94.6%) were the most common source of information for them. Covid-19 vaccine was taken by 728(86%) of students. Regarding the adverse events following immunisation only 34.4% of the students have heard it.. The 1st year batch students had least perception & acceptability on COVID-19 vaccine whereas maximum was seen among the final year students . The association between the various batches of MBBS students with the perception & acceptability on COVID-19 was found to be significant with chi-square value 123.4981 & 109.1895 respectively with P=0.001.Conclusion- Even though perception and acceptability about COVID-19 vaccine among the students is good but regarding the adverse events following immunisation many are unaware and are having lots of apprehension which could be dealt with proper sensitisation meetings.

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder in pregnancy. The incidence of GDM increases in older and more obese pregnant women. GDM increases the risk of certain pregnancy complications like pregnancy-induced hypertension and adverse perinatal outcome. Aims and Objectives-1. To assess the foetomaternal outcome in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. 2. To find out the relationship of BMI in pregnant women with GDM and its foetomaternal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VSSIMSAR, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha with a total sample size of 100. RESULTS Maternal complications like UTI, polyhydramnios, IUGR and vaginal candidiasis were proportionately more in GDM group than in Non-GDM group. Out of all neonatal complications, only hyperbilirubinaemia cases were found to be statistically significantly associated with GDM with (p value < 0.05). The mean BMI of total patients found out to be (26.40 ± 4.94 kg/m 2). Mean BMI was higher in women with GDM (29.81 ± 3.76 kg/m 2) than Non-GDM (23.00 ± 3.39 kg/m 2). Only vaginal candidiasis is found to be statistically significantly associated with BMI (p value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Many maternal and foetal complications are significantly seen more among GDM population compared to Non-GDM group. Early universal screening is essential.

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