Vaccination, as a technology, has been controversial since its invention by Jenner in 1796. Even as governments and other agencies have promoted or even mandated vaccinations for an increasing array of dangerous pathogens, anti‐vaccination groups and sentiments of vaccine hesitancy have continued to flourish. Vaccination controversies frequently revolve around key questions of social beliefs and values such as personal liberty, the public good, individual autonomy, and expert authority.
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