Although sculpted portraits often receive more scholarly attention than the statue bodies they were set into, the different types of statue bodies can reveal more information about the portrait statue as a whole. This paper examines the Nymphaeum in Olympia, a monument which originally included an impressive array of statues of the imperial family as well as the family of its commissioner, Herodes Atticus. By analyzing the statue type of each individual represented, I show that, although the male members of the imperial family may be easily distinguished from those of Herodes’ family according to the type of clothing worn, the female statues cannot be so readily identified. Female garments could be worn in numerous ways, producing subtle variations in the statues too. In order to differentiate the imperial form non-imperial women represented on the Nymphaeum, it is necessary to examine the hairstyle and to compare other examples of the same statues types. I argue that the statues types of imperial women – with regard to their pose, costume, and positioning within the monument – reflect a desire of the imperial family at this time to promote the younger generations and, in doing so, to declare the continuing prosperity of the empire.

The Tabularium , a building designed to hold tablets ( tabulae ), is traditionally located between the two summits of the Capitoline hill on the western end of the Forum Romanum.

During the Roman Republic tabellarii were slaves, freedmen, and free citizens who served as private messengers, used by officials and private citizens alike.

No abstract

During the Roman imperial period, coinage was modified a number of times through the introduction of new denominations and the debasement of the metals. By studying the coins, we can also learn about the organization of the empire and the increasing concentration of power in the hands of one supreme ruler. The imperial portraits, always identified by name on the obverse, have long assisted in identifying sculpted portraits, but the images on the reverse side can be of even greater importance. For there we find the messages and accomplishments that were deemed worthy of circulation throughout the empire.