Interventions focused on nonpharmacologic therapies and a simplified approach to assessment for infants exposed to methadone in utero led to both substantial and sustained decreases in ALOS, the proportion of infants treated with morphine, and hospital costs with no adverse events.

Infants managed by using the ESC approach were treated with morphine significantly less frequently than they would have been by using the FNASS approach. The ESC approach is an effective method for the management of infants with NAS that limits pharmacologic treatment and may lead to substantial reductions in length of stay.

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Early inpatient rebound bilirubin levels do not successfully predict which patients will require hospital readmission for repeat phototherapy. Children with bilirubin levels lowered to ≤14 mg/dL with phototherapy are unlikely to receive repeat phototherapy.