Tistama R, Mawaddah PAS, Ade-Fipriani L, Junaidi. 2019. Physiological status of high and low metabolism Hevea clones in the difference stage of tapping panel dryness. Biodiversitas 20: 267-273. Tapping panel dryness (TPD) caused productivity of rubber trees drop sharply. However, the increase of TPD stage has not been completely elucidated, especially in physiological aspects. TPD incident was higher occurred in high metabolism than low metabolism clones. The incident has been classified based on visual observation. This research aimed to explore the physiological characters to identifying the physiological changes of each TPD stage in the two metabolism types of rubber clones, IRR 42 (low metabolism) and IRR 118 (high metabolism). The physiological parameters such as thiol, Pi content and peroxidase activity were specifically in each clone and the tissue types (bark or laticifer). The physiological pattern of IRR 42 was a difference with that of IRR 118 for the increase of the TPD stages. Phosphate inorganic content in the latex and bark were a decline in the TPD affected trees, whereas the sucrose content was relatively constant. The pattern of changes of thiol content in IRR 42 was reverse with IRR 118, both in the latex or bark tissue. Peroxidases activity in the latex and bark negatively correlated with the TPD stage. The decline of Pi and peroxidase activity can be used to identify the TPD incident in rubber trees.
Perlakuan etilen dalam rangka meningkatkan produktifitas tanaman karet telah dilakukan secara luas di perkebunan karet sejak dekade 1970-an. Dari beberapa hasil penelitian telah terungkap bahwa etilen di dalam jaringan kulit Hevea mengatur dua jalur utama peningkatan produksi lateks yaitu: a) peningkatan sintesis karet, dan b) memperpanjang lama aliran lateks. Pada tahap awal etilen menginduksi perubahan pH di dalam sitosol menjadi lebih alkali. Perubahan pH ini memicu aktivitas beberapa enzim yang berperan di dalam jalur mevalonat, dan meningkatkan ketersediaan senyawa-senyawa adenilat dan sukrosa di dalam lateks, sebagai faktor penting di dalam biosintesis karet. Etilen eksogen menginduksi ekspresi gen aquaporin di dalam jaringan kulit sehingga suplai air di sekitar bidang penyadapan meningkat, dan etilen juga dapat mempertahankan stabilitas lateks selama aliran lateks. Faktor ketersediaan air dalam jaringan dan stabilitas lateks yang tinggi berpengaruh positif terhadap lama aliran lateks tanaman karet.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and soybean (Glycines o r g h u m ; s o y b e a n ; l a n d productivity. AbstrakPenanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dan kedelai (Glycine max) sebagai tanaman tumpangsari merupakan pilihan yang tepat untuk mendukung upaya pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan dan peningkatan produksi pangan Indonesia. Lahan karet belum menghasilkan cukup luas untuk dimanfaatkan untuk upaya tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola tanam tumpangsari yang tepat dan melihat interaksinya terhadap tanaman karet baik dalam hal penyebaran penyakit jamur akar putih dan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu jarak tanaman tumpangsari 0,5 m, 1 m dan 1,5 m terhadap tanaman karet, dan jenis tanaman tumpangsari yaitu sorgum dan kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan di gawangan tanaman karet umur 1 tahun (TBM 1) dan umur 3 tahun (TBM 3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh jarak ta n a m a n tu m p a n g s a r i p a d a s e tia p perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman karet. Tanaman
Cekaman aluminium merupakan faktor penghalang utama untuk pengembangan komoditas tanaman unggulan di lahan-lahan masam. Sintesis dan sekresi asam organik oleh akar merupakan salah satu mekanisme mengurangi cekaman aluminium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengintroduksikan gen sitrat sintase bakteri P. aeruginosa (PaCS) ke dalam tanaman tembakau (N. tabacum) dan Jatropha curcas. PaCS berhasil diintroduksi dengan batuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens baik ke dalam jaringan tembakau maupun J. curcas.. Toleransi tembakau transgenik ditandai dengan pertambahan panjang akar yang lebih tinggi dibanding tipe liarnya pada cekaman 0,3 mM AlCl3. Toleransi tembakau transgenik dapat mengurangi masuknya Al ke dalam jaringan akar. Sifat toleran gen PaCS diturunkan mengikuti Hukum Mendel. Persentase introduksi gen PaCS ke dalam J. curcas hanya 1% dari jumlah eksplan yang ditranformasi. Kata kunci : introduksi gen, sitrat sintase, cekaman aluminium, N. tabacum, J. curcas
Low prices of rubber has been a serious problem to rubber smallholders in Indonesia. Rubber-based intercropping systems offers a practical solution to this issue and increasing overall productivity of intercrops, for example upland rice and maize. This study reviewed the suitable spatial arrangements in rubber planting to long term impact based intercropping systems. A field experiment was established in a smallholder rubber plantation in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan with area of 50 ha. Two planting patterns of rubber PB 260 clone were tested: (1) single row planting pattern (SR) by 6 m x 3 m, and (2) double row planting pattern (DR) by 18 m x 2 m x 2.5 m. The experiment showed that girth of rubber trees in the SR system at the first tapping year was slightly larger than in DR system, even though statistically it was not significant. The latex yield per tree of SR and DR systems were similar, however, latex yield per hectare of SR system was higher than DR system due to a higher tree population in SR system. The DR system was technically suitable for long term intercropping, because when rubber tree can reached 8 to 9 years old and light penetration was more than 80% at distance from the rubber row. The total area required for rubber, upland rice and maize grown in monoculture to produce an equivalent of a one hectare of rubber-upland rice-maize intercrop is 1.87. This means the intercropping has an advantage compared to monoculture.
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