Oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin, main blood chromatophores flowing through the arteries and veins, respectively, reflect sunlight differently. The biggest difference is at a specific wavelength in the visible spectrum. The amount of blood in the arteries varies during cardiac activity. As a result, the skin color changes, but its limits cannot be noticed in heart cycle. The authors present an algorithm, for video signal processing, to achieve remote heartbeat having the following steps: selection of the region of interest, filtering using principal component analysis and empirical mode decomposition. The proposed method uses fewer pixels than those used by other methods presented in the literature and was confirmed by testing on subjects in the room light conditions by using a pulse oximeter.

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Amorphous materials are metastable, more reactive than the crystalline ones, and have to be evaluated before pharmaceutical compound formulation. Amorphicity is interpreted as a spatial chaos, and patterns of molecular aggregates of dexamethasone, D, were investigated in this paper by using fractal dimension, FD. Images having three magnifications of D were taken from an optical microscope, OM, and with eight magnifications, from a scanning electron microscope, SEM, were analyzed. The average FD for pattern irregularities of OM images was 1.538, and about 1.692 for SEM images. The FDs of the two kinds of images are less sensitive of threshold level. 3D images were shown to illustrate dependence of FD of threshold and magnification level. As a result, optical image of single scale is enough to characterize the drug amorphicity. As a result, the OM image at a single scale is enough to characterize the amorphicity of D.

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