HgCl 2 induced fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ballooning of Golgi apparatus. Nuclear and cytoplasmic degeneration of pyramidal neurons of rat cerebral cortex. HgCl 2 increased reactive oxygen species. Melatonin, free radical scavenger improved neuronal damage caused by HgCl 2 .

Background: Measurement of transverse diameter of the Common Bile Duct (CBD) was performed in several studies by Ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging using Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The size of the extrahepatic bile duct increases with age which should be taken into consideration by the surgeons during the surgery of the gallbladder, pancreas and duodenum. US plays a crucial role in the initial imaging work-up of a patient with jaundice. Because a dilated extrahepatic duct distinguishes obstructive from non-obstructive causes of jaundice. The size of the bile duct is considered to increase normally with age as proved by various studies especially MRCP which is more accurate than US. Aim of Study: The aim of the present work is to demonstrate anatomical variation concerning assessment of transverse diameter of CBD both in adult and geriatric age groups without biliary or hepatic manifestations and detection of age related changes in CBD as one of the causes of non obstructive biliiary dilatation. Material and Methods: The patients were divided into three groups according to their age: 1-Group I: 21-40 years. 2-Group II: 41-60 years, 3-Group III: Over 60 years. Ultrasound and MRCP techniques were used in this study to assess the diameter of CBD in different age groups.