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This study investigated the community structure and health assessment of macrobenthic assemblages in Wonmun Bay, in the southern coast of Korea. The total number of species and mean density were 170 species and 1,269 indivuduals/m 2 , respectively. The major dominant species were the bivalve Theora fragilis (230±446 individuals/m 2 ) and the polychaetes Lumbrineris longifolia (180±339 individuals/m 2 ), Sigambra tentaculata (124±153 individuals/m 2 ), Paraprionospio patiens (104±293 individuals/m 2 ) and Capitella capitata (82±223 individuals/m 2 ). Community statistics [cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimentional scaling (NMDS) ordination] revealed that the macrobenthic community structure in the study area was classified into three station groups for both seasons. Several biotic indices based on macrobenthic communities have been developed to assess the ecological quality of coastal ecosystems. In this study, the ecological status was assessed by four biotic indices Shannon's H', the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), multivariate-AMBI (M-AMBI) and the Ecological Conservation Index (ECI). The ecological statuses of the macrobenthic communities in Wonmun Bay were poorer in the summer than in the spring. The results of the present study indicate that three biotic indices ( i.e.; Shannon's H', M-AMBI and ECI ) were better correlated with bottom dissolved oxygen than the AMBI in Wonmun Bay.

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In this study, a forecast system for the occurrence of cold waters in the eastern coast of Korea was developed by combining the ROMS ocean model and the WRF regional atmospheric model. The 1-day hindcast and 3.5-day forecasts from April 1 to August 31, 2021, successfully reproduced and forecasted the temporal and spatial changes of coastal cold waters. Three case studies with different surface boundary conditions in the ROMS model confirmed that the wind is a primary driver for the occurrence of cold waters in the region. The performance of the ROMS was improved by high-resolution WRF outputs, and through error correction using the water temperature data from the real-time stations, the average RMSE of 9 stations for Forecast Day-3 was 0.73℃, indicating a prossibility of high-precision forecast.