With the emergence of mobile ad-hoc networks, more users desire connectivity regardless of geographic location. MANETs are a promising technology in terms of the applications in the military, emergency situations, and general daily life activities. Various protocols have been developed to handle the routing information in such networks. However, most protocols are vulnerable to various threats. Among them, the Black-hole type of denial-of-service attack causes a major degradation in the performance and trust of the network nodes. In this paper, the authors review and highlight the limitations of the existing solutions and propose a new algorithm to handle the black-hole attacks. The proposed algorithm is comparatively efficient and easy to implement for detecting and avoiding the black-hole attacks. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in Network Simulator (ns-2) to evaluate its performance in term of packet delivery ratio, network load, and end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a considerable enhancement in the overall networking performance and avoids the black-hole attack successfully.

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