In a selected genetic background, lifelong untreated IGHD does not affect longevity.

Adult subjects with lifetime congenital untreated IGHD present reduced β-cell function, no evidence of IR, and higher frequency of impaired glucose tolerance.

In very long term follow-up, more than 75% of patients exhibited sustained results. Prediction of late favorable results is multifactorial and strongly determined by age, previous symptoms and post-procedural mitral valve area.

Background: GH deficiency (GHD) is often associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including abdominal fat accumulation, hypercholesterolemia, and increased C-reactive protein. Despite the presence of these risk factors, adults with congenital lifetime isolated GHD (IGHD) due to an inactivating mutation in the GHRH receptor gene do not have premature atherosclerosis.

In a "real world" registry, ACT compared favorably against the well-studied SXT and MCV devices in both safety and efficacy. MCV implantation was associated with lower device success rates and higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.