), utilizando as expressões: "Ductal carcinoma in situ", "in situ breast cancer" e "DCIS". Os termos adicionais incluídos foram "surgery" e "margin". O período de referência desses estudos foi de fevereiro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2015. Dos 438 artigos encontrados, 6 foram incluí-dos nessa revisão, com um total de 1.222 pacientes. A taxa de margens comprometidas nos estudos variou de 29 a 72%. As principais variáveis relacionadas com margem comprometida foram o grau histológico e o tamanho final da lesão na parafina (três estudos), multifocalidade (um estudo) e volume da peça cirúrgica ressecada (um estudo). Margens cirúrgicas representam, indubitavelmente, um dos mais importantes fatores de recorrência local no tratamento do CDIS. São necessários estudos mais amplos e com metodologias adequadas para se estratificar, com segurança, os fatores de risco associados ao comprometimento das margens cirúrgicas. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determinate, through a literature review, possible factors related to positive margins in patients treated with surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE

Lesions measuring 1.55 cm or greater and the presence of symptoms are risk factors for positive margins in the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ. Therefore, these patients need a better surgical planning in order to reduce the risk of positive margins. There is a clear need for large prospective studies to validate our findings and define other factors that might contribute to the success of surgical resection for ductal carcinoma in situ.

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Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the main managements of surgical complications in reconstructive mammoplasties with prostheses through a systematic literature review, and to evaluate the effectiveness in preserving the reconstruction. The secondary objective was to analyze factors regarding prosthetic loss. Methods: We used the MedLine database through the following expressions: "breast cancer" or "breast neoplasm" or "breast and neoplasm" or "breast and cancer" and "implants complications" or "implants and complications". The reference period for these studies comprised January 2000 to July 2016. Results: Of the 856 articles found, seven were included to analyze the applied protocols. The rate of saved prostheses after stratification of complications and use of managements varied from 45 to 100%, depending on the degree of complication. Other 12 articles that evaluated the factors associated with prosthetic loss were secondarily chosen. Radiotherapy was considered the most frequent factor and was found in seven studies. The number of lost prostheses varied from 0.9 to 22.7% in such studies. Conclusion: There is still no agreement on how to manage complications of reconstructive mammoplasties with prostheses. The decision remains a challenge, and therefore surgeons need to know the possible conducts in order to establish the most appropriate treatment.KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; mastectomy; mammaplasty; breast implantation. ABSTRACT RESUMOObjetivos: O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura, as principais condutas nas complicações cirúrgicas de mastectomias reconstruídas com próteses, bem como avaliar a eficácia em preservar a reconstrução. O objetivo secundário foi analisar fatores relacionados à perda da prótese. Métodos: Foi empregado o banco de dados do MedLine, utilizando as expressões: breast cancer, ou breast neoplasm ou breast and neoplasm ou breast and cancer e implants complications ou implants and complications. O período de referência desses estudos foi de janeiro de 2000 até julho de 2016. Resultados: Dos 856 artigos encontrados, 7 foram incluídos para análise dos protocolos de condutas aplicados. A taxa de próteses salvas após estratificação das complicações e aplicação das condutas variou de 45 a 100%, a depender do grau de complexidade. Foram selecionados, secundariamente, outros 12 artigos que avaliaram fatores associados à perda da prótese. A mais frequente foi a radioterapia com 7 estudos. O número de próteses perdidas variou entre 0,9 e 22,7% nesses estudos. Conclusão: Ainda não existe unanimidade no manejo das complicações de mastectomias reconstruídas com próteses. Portanto, a decisão permanece desafiadora e o cirurgião necessita conhecer as possíveis condutas para definir a mais apropriada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Câncer de mama; mastectomia; reconstrução da mama; implante de mama. REVIEW ARTICLEMastology, 2017;27(2):156-63 157Management of complications in reconstructive mammoplasties with prostheses: systematic review

Objective Infection and exposure of the implant are some of the most common and concerning complications after implant-based breast reconstruction. Currently, there is no consensus on the management of these complications. The aim of the present study was to review our cases and to present a clinical protocol. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients submitted to implant-based breast reconstruction between 2014 and 2016. All patients were managed according to a specific and structured protocol. Results Implant exposure occurred in 33 out of 277 (11.9%) implant-based reconstructions. Among these, two patients had history of radiotherapy and had their implant removed; Delayed reconstruction with a myocutaneous flap was performed in both cases. Signs of severe local infection were observed in 12 patients, and another 5 presented with extensive tissue necrosis, and they were all submitted to implant removal; of them, 8 underwent reconstruction with a tissue expander, and 2, with a myocutaneous flap. The remaining 14 patients had no signs of severe infection, previous irradiation or extensive tissue necrosis, and were submitted to primary suture as an attempt to salvage the implant. Of these, 8 cases (57.1%) managed to keep the original implant. Conclusion Our clinical protocol is based on three key points: history of radiotherapy, severe infection, and extensive tissue necrosis. It is a practical and potentially-reproducible method of managing one of the most common complications of implant-based breast reconstruction.