Background: Some nanoparticles are known to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lead to cell death. Results: Silver nanoparticles induce ATF-6 degradation, leading to activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Conclusion: ATF-6 is an important target to silver nanoparticles. Significance: Our results provide a new link between ER stress and activation of the NLRP-3 inflammasome.

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β-Sitosterol inhibited either myeloperoxidase and adenosine deaminase activity or IL-1β and TNF-α levels. This effect seemed to be mediated by the calcium uptake in activated neutrophils in a time- and concentration-dependent manner through L-type voltage dependent calcium channels, intracellular calcium, phosphoinositide kinase-3, and microtubule modulation.