Abscopal, or out-of-fields effects were reported among a number of oncological patients, who were treated with radiation therapy in combination with immune checkpoints inhibitors. The radiations induce a localized immunogenic cell death within the malignant tissues of the irradiated area. Necro-apoptotic cancer cells, in turn, stimulate tumor-specific immune responses in oncological patients, who were previously treated with immune checkpoints inhibitors. Consequently, the host immune system is able to target

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Leukocytic infiltration was found in 10% of the umbilical cords examined in a preliminary study. The

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