Ill-treatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the father of the nation, once said: "India will be free when the women feel safe to walk in the streets of India at midnight". However, this endures to continue a fantacy yet to be executed and away from reality. Child sexual abuse is a grave issue in India. Children are the future of a nation and the leaders of tomorrow. They are succeeding in the architecture of society and civilization Child sexual abuse is actuality that is highly prevalent in India. Child abuse is in the form of physical, sexual, emotional and serious global problems. Sexual abuse goes unreported and children are not given the protective assistance they are left to suffer in silence. Child abuse is harmful for the children as well as for society. A welcome development has been the enactment of a special law-Protection of Children against Sexual Offences (POCSO) 2012-criminalising a range of acts including child rape, harassment, and exploitation for pornography. Child sexual abuse is a multidimensional problem having legal, social, medical and psychological implications.

Little is known about the precise mechanism involved in immunity to fungal infections. Researchers discovered that fungal prostaglandins, deactivate immune cells, preventing them from destroying the infection. Fungi are known to make molecules similar to those of our own immune system. Scientists found that the fungus molecules weaken the immune system, which is essential in stopping infections. Opportunistic infections like Cryptococcus which normally pose no threat, but are potentially life-threatening in those with weakened immune systems. Scientists are now working to find the other ways these fungal molecules are affecting immune cells and how the immune cells are deactivated. Antibodies against fungi and yeasts may be 2

Immunology is truly a fascinating discipline that meets the challenge and offers opportunity in fighting and checking the spread of diseases. Many viruses infect humans. The host response to invading virus depends upon the infectious agents and where it is encountered. In response to virus entry there may not be, always, an overt reaction leading to clinical manifestation. There may be simply, subclinical infection, which would protect the individual from later exposure. A number of specific immune effector mechanisms together with non-specific defence mechanism play role in eliminating an infective virus.Viruses are intracellular parasites. Many viruses have developed very effective escape mechanisms. Influenza virus which has acquired various types of antigens associated with their capsids. The outer envelope of influenza virus has numerous spikes, which are linked to pathogenicity and antigenicity of the strain. Gene recombinations cause antigenic shifts, producing new strains. Certain viruses like rubella causing measles produce immunosuppressive chemicals. Varicella zoster and a number of herpes virus groups, which replicate in the upper respiratory tract, remain latent in the sensory ganglia of spinal and cranial nerves. In these places the viruses do not come in contact with antibodies, hence remain protected. Epstein-Barr virus has Complement receptor 2 (CR2), Influenza virus has Sialic residue on cell surface glycoprotein, Rhinovirus contains Intracellular adhesion molecule( ICAMs ) and Vaccinia virus with Epidermal growth factor receptor C for virus entry. The fact that antibody protects against some virus infection is attested by the widespread use of immunoglobulin for prophylaxis against measles, and by the world wide efforts made to stimulate antibody production by immunization against poliomyelitis viruses.

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