Food intake is a prerequisite for human beings to live a healthy life style. The attainment of food security is crucial and is a prime development priority for all developing countries. The inability to provide reliable evidence of national food security has remained a problem for both policymakers and researchers alike. The present study helps fill this gap by incorporating the multidimensional determinants of food security at the national level in Azerbaijan. The specific objectives of the study are to evaluate the short-term and long-term dynamics of these determinants on food security. The empirical analysis draws from nationally representative time series data over the period 1991 to 2018, taken from FAO and WDI. The ARDL model suggested that food import, exchange rate, inflation, climate change, and urban population growth harm national food security dynamics of Azerbaijan. On the other hand, trade to GDP ratio has a positive impact on food security. Overall results suggest that there is a pressing need to improve its institutional framework if the Azerbaijan government sincerely desires to have sustainable food security, as organizations control all other issues.

A number of women are leading a variety of organizations in Pakistan. The available research on the effectiveness of women’s leadership is not so clear, and there have been mixed findings across different contexts. The present research attempts to view women’s transformational leadership as a source of employees’ trust and connectivity that leads to innovative behaviour of employees in women-led organizations of Pakistan. The study also investigates the simple as well as sequential mediation of trust and connectivity in the relationship between women’s transformational leadership and employees’ innovative behaviour. Using a survey-based questionnaire, cross-sectional data were collected from 366 employees of different organizations which are led by women. These organizations include educational institutes, advertising agencies and fashion houses. The data were analysed using the MEDTHREE analysis for direct and indirect hypotheses (single and sequential mediations). The results indicate that women’s transformational leadership fosters trust, connectivity and innovative behaviour in the employees. Further, the results supported that employees’ trust in their leader and connectivity mediate the relationship between women’s leadership and innovative behaviour of the employees.

Achieving food security is crucial, and a primary development goal worldwide. However, there is a difficulty in finding reliable data on the topic, which raised a problem for policymakers and researchers as well. Therefore, the present study aimed to fill in this gap by examining the dynamics of regional food security. The main research objective was to identify the determinants of food security in Azerbaijan, Singapore, Austria, Georgia and Hungary. Furthermore, a specific objective was to investigate the short-and long-term impacts of both endogenous and exogenous shocks on the food security of the selected countries. The study collected large scale panel dataset between 1992 and 2019. The empirical model suggested that food import, foreign direct investment, inflation, annual per capita income and Human Development Index had a positive, while the flow of food export had an adverse impact on the food security status of the selected countries. The study recommended to the governments of selected countries and to developmental organisations to achieve national food security through indigenous agricultural interventions along with supporting domestic growers by investing in agricultural education, skill development and infrastructure programs.

Recreational activities pertaining to farmlands are receiving increased attention from both research and practice. One of the major reasons for this heightened importance attributed to farmland tourism is due partly to its potential to advance the local economy and to the benefits it brings for farmers and visitors. Thus, analyzing the role of agritourism in advancing socio-economic prosperity is of pivotal importance. With this background, the paper discusses the economic benefits of agritourism. The results reported in the paper are related to organizations located in Poland and Italy. Agritourism can bring several economic benefits in the countries and regions. What is interesting, the average income from agritourism is about one-third of the overall household income of farmers. Moreover, food service is a crucial factor in the success of agritourism as it brings extra money to farmers. It shows the importance of the relationship between the income obtained from agritourism activities and the benefits local communities gain by engaging in multiple tourism promotion activities.

Risks are inherent practically in all sphere of oil and gas production: from geological exploration works on oil and gas to industrial development of reserves. But it is not enough to study only risks, we often face insufficiency of knowledge of variety of manifestations of geologic-geophysical trade properties of the studied object. It is especially important to consider risks and uncertainty at the initial stages of geological field works. Studying of geological risk, arising at estimation of oil reserves became a subject of our research. The work process was divided into some stages: 1) Choice of significant geological field parameters, 2) Definition of variable property manifestations factors of the studied geological field parameters, 3) Multiple modeling of the studied processes, 4) Creation of Tornado plot For further work, the analysis of an assessment of risks at reserves estimation was chosen as a probabilistic method. It was chosen hypothetical fields which subcalculating parameters, were collected in tables Using the data provided to the table, we make Tornado Plot extent of influence of geological risks is visually shown in the made matrix. The made matrix reflects degree of risks in an assessment of subcalculating parameters and their influences on resultant indicators. The vertical scale reflects risk, which is classified on low, average, high. Using the results received in the analysis of uncertainty and a scale of influence of parameters on resultant indicators and a scale of level of risks, geological field parameters were located on the constructed matrix. From the received matrix, it is visible that among the taken parameters the greatest risk and high level of influence renders porosity. Therefore, the bigger attention at calculation of stocks and creation of geological and mathematical model has to be paid to this parameter.