ABSTRAKPerubahan iklim memengaruhi sifat-sifat tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Beberapa praktik pengelolaan tanah berpotensi dapat mengurangi kerentanan terhadap kondisi iklim yang tidak menguntungkan. Tulisan ini mendiskusikan bagaimana perubahan iklim memengaruhi sifat-sifat tanah dan bagaimana seharusnya pengelolaan tanah disesuaikan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas adaptasi terhadap kondisi iklim yang ekstrem. Gejala utama perubahan iklim berupa peningkatan suhu atmosfer global, awal musim hujan dan musim kemarau yang sulit diduga, dan penurunan atau kenaikan jumlah curah hujan merupakan kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan yang dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Beberapa pendekatan, baik secara tunggal atau kombinasi dari dua atau lebih tindakan, bisa dipilih untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim. Ini termasuk olah tanah konservasi, konservasi tanah vegetatif dan mekanis, penggunaan mulsa, pemanenan air, pengelolaan hara, ameliorasi tanah, dan manajemen biologi tanah. Pengelolaan bahan organik tanah sangat sentral dalam praktik pengelolaan tanah karena bahan organik tanah berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kapasitas tanah memegang air, meningkatkan kapasitas infiltrasi dan perkolasi tanah, menyangga suhu tanah, serta meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan aktivitas mikroba tanah. Teknik pengelolaan bahan organik dan praktik pengelolaan dan konservasi tanah yang dibahas dalam makalah ini merupakan cara yang relatif sederhana dan telah lama dikenal, tetapi sering diabaikan. Makalah ini menekankan kembali pentingnya penerapan praktik-praktik pengelolaan tanah tersebut untuk mempertahankan peran pertanian di tengah efek perubahan iklim yang lebih serius.

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Upland has potential uses for agriculture practices in indonesia. However there are some problems to manage, one of them is many existing upland in sloping areas and high risk to erosion and runoff. Indonesian Soil Research Institute developed a recommendation model for the land management information system (SILAHAN) based on the study of criteria for soil conservation indicators with calculation of erosion hazard index and surface runoff. The aim of this study was to validation SILAHAN prediction models from surface runoff aspects on a plot scale as the basis for formulating recommendations for the most complex land management technology. Validation of the prediction results of surface runoff in SILAHAN model is done by comparing surface runoff results of real measurements in field with the results of predicted by SILAHAN with three simulation. The results of statistical tests with r pearson correlation coefficient is 0,31, 0,31, and 0,32, PBias is -90,6, -86,6 and -83,5, and NSE is -0,76, -0,68, and -0,63. The results of the prediction of plot scale surface runoff in the SILAHAN model were not same as the measurements result on the field observations. it is suggested to determine the correction factors and development capabilities of the SILAHAN model to assess the effectiveness of a land management system in reducing the amount of surface runoff.

This study identified seasonal water quality characteristics in two adjacent mountainous rivers (Sangharus and Sekampung Hulu Rivers) in Lampung, Indonesia and determined the impacts of fertilizer application on river chemistry as a result of social forestry management. In 2016, we measured water chemistry and conducted a farmers’ questionnaire survey to obtain information on fertilizer application. The water quality results indicated that several parameters, including nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4), were significantly higher in the Sangharus River than in the Sekampung Hulu River. In addition, several parameters were influenced by dilution from high river flow in the rainy season. Some parameters were likely influenced by the weathering of parent materials. By contrast, electrical conductivity (EC) and NO3 were higher in the rainy season, which was likely linked to the dominant timing of urea fertilizer application during this season. Despite the application of fertilizers in the watersheds, NO3 levels remained below the recommended standard. However, aluminum and iron concentrations were higher than the recommended level for drinking water, which was likely due to elevated soil erosion from improper land management. Therefore, we recommend that effective land management policies be implemented through the adoption of soil conservation practices for nutrient loss prevention.