The AcrySof SN60AT Natural IOL provided contrast sensitivity under photopic and scotopic conditions (with and without glare) and blue color perception comparable that obtained with the AcrySof SA60AT IOL. Scotopic vision and blue color discrimination decreased with age with both IOLs.

Background:Chlorhexidine belongs to a group of medicines called antiseptic antibacterial agents. Chlorhexidine is commonly used for the care and clean off the skin, hands, and wounds. In recent years, medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for prevention of disease, maintaining health, and improving disease in traditional and modern medicine as a medicament. According to recent research, cineole is the isolated active agent of eucalyptus oil and possesses antimicrobial activity. It was demonstrated that cineole could enhance the antimicrobial effects of the other antiseptics.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 1,8-cineole on the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine against some microorganisms.Materials and Methods:The effect of 1,8-cineole on antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was tested using seven different microorganisms. In this study, CHG (128–0.125 mg/l) and cineole (512–2 g/l) were analyzed together and separately using checkerboard assay. Interactions between CHG and 1,8-cineole have been identified as synergistic, indifferent, or antagonistic.Results:Synergistic activity was demonstrated between CHG and 1,8-cineole against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Indifferent interactions for these compounds were demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion:CHG antiseptic properties were found to be increased when CHG was used in combination with 1,8-cineole. In this way, CHG will reveal stronger effect against microorganisms.SUMMARY Cineole has increased the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate against all microorganisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosaIn topical application, using cineole in combination with chlorhexidine may be easier, eradicate certain resistant bacteria by increasing the antimicrobial efficacy. Abbreviation Used: CHG: Chlorhexidine gluconate, MRSA: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MHB: Mueller Hinton broth, SDB: Sabouraud dextrose broth, CFU: Colonyforming unit, FIC: Fractional inhibitory concentration, FICI: FIC index, EO: Eucalyptus oil.

We report the normal values of corneal endothelial characteristics in Caucasian Turkish eyes. Over the age of 20, the MCD of Caucasian eyes is more than the Indian and Iranian eyes and less than the Chinese eyes. Caucasian population's cell density in under the age of 20 is 3101 ± 268 cell/mm.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by loss of central vision in old age. In particular, wet-type or exudative AMD, which is characterized by choroidal neovascularization, may cause severe loss of vision in these patients. AMD is the leading cause of central blindness among patients aged over 65 years in developed countries. The prevalence of AMD among individuals aged between 65 and 75 years is 10% and it is 25% among those aged 75 years and over. Patients with AMD may face difficulties in relation to many of the basic activities of daily living, such as writing, housework, self-care, driving and shopping. They may also suffer emotional distress and depression, and have a reduced quality of life (QoL). 1 Furthermore, loss of vision increases the risk of falling and fall-related injuries. 2 In all of its aspects, AMD is recognized as an important public health problem. Although the effects of exudative AMD (e-AMD) on quality of life, depression and physical and mental health have been studied more extensively in well-developed countries, data is relatively lacking from developing or underdeveloped countries. Moreover, differences in its effects may be seen between communities. Different social traits, belief sets and cultural characteristics in different communities may lead patients to be influenced psychologically in different manners from the same disease. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was designed to measure the risks of anxiety and depression and their levels. The test includes two subscales: HADS-A, which assesses anxiety, and HADS-D, which assesses depression, both including seven items. The cutoff points for HADS-A and HADS-D are ten and seven, respectively. Higher scores indicate a greater likelihood

Background. To assess Cutler-Beard procedure results in patients after wide excision of malignant eyelid tumours. Materials and Methods. The records of two women and two men (four patients) referred to our clinic with eyelid mass complaints and malign eyelid tumour diagnosis according to the histopathological examination were examined retrospectively. Results. The patients were 60–73 years old and their average age was 66 ± 11.10. The follow-up period of the cases was 16 (6–25) months. Total excisional biopsy was applied to all patients and then Cutler-Beard full thickness lid reconstruction was done because of the wide localization of the tumour. The patients' diagnoses were consistent with basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, eyelid lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The patients' eyelids were separated from each other 1 month postoperatively with a second operation. Superior eyelid entropium and blepharochalasis were seen in one patient during followup. Conclusions. Cutler-Beard flap is a successful procedure for superior eyelid tumours accompanied by wide tissue loss. The long-time closure of the eyelids and the need for secondary surgery are the major disadvantages of this procedure. Our experience with this procedure will reveal better results with large case series.