Tooth decay is a major public health problem which affects a large number of people in several countries. Even though more than 700 bacterial species have been detected in the oral cavity, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus stand out as the genera that cause tooth decay and other periodontal diseases. In this study, essential oils from Citrus aurantifolia leaves (CL-EO) and fruit peel (CP-EO) were obtained by hydrodistillation by a Clevenger-type apparatus whereas their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Limonene (77.5 %), linalool (20.1 %), citronellal (14.5 %) and citronellol (14.2 %) were the main constituents found in the essential oils from C. aurantifolia leaves and fruit peel. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. Both CL-EO and CP-EO displayed some activity against all oral pathogens under investigation; MIC values ranged from 20 to 200 µg/mL. CL-EO and CP-EO not only had promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 20 µg/mL) and Lactobacillus casei (31.25 µg/mL), but also displayed antibacterial activity against all studied cariogenic bacteria. Efficacy of essential oils against S. mutans and L. casei is noteworthy and should be further investigated.
Kielmeyera coriacea, a typical tree species of the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna), popularly known as "pausanto" and it is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils of leaves and fruits of K. coriacea and to evaluate its antitumor activity against human tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231 (breast tumor) and DU-145 (prostate tumor) as a way to search for new drugs derived from natural sources. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in Clevenger. The average yield of essential oil of leaves and fruits was 0.38% and 0.0041%, respectively. In leaves from K. coriacea, the major compounds found in the essential oils, were geranyl linalool (27,78), 2-Acetate (2E) Tridecenol (9.06%), E-nerolidol (7.70%) and α-bisabolol (5,09). The major compounds found in essential oils of fruits were D-germacrene (18.94%), neointermedeol (12.18%), bicyclogermacrene (12.00%), Viridiflorol (9,30 %), Globulol (8,76%), Epi-α-muurolol (8,13%) a d δ-cadinene (5,00%).. The essential oils of fruits inhibited the proliferation of tumor cell lines DU-145 and MDA-MB-231, as well as of the non-tumor cells (FH-Human fibroblasts). By contrast the essential oils of leaves were not active in any tested tumor lineage. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition and antitumor activity of this species, and it clearly enhance our chemical knowledge of this plant.
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Uma das principais doenças tropicais negligenciadas é a doença de Chagas (DC), causada pelo Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). O tratamento da DC é feito com os antiparasitários nifurtimox e benznidazol que possuem diversos efeitos colaterais. O mercado de produtos naturais vem crescendo a cada ano e a utilização de plantas tem-se destacado como alternativa para desenvolvimento de medicamentos para cura dessa doença. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho descreve o estudo químico dos óleos essenciais das folhas de Zanthoxylum riedelianum (Rutaceae), Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Rutaceae) e Kielmeyera coriacea (Calophyllaceae) e dos frutos da Xilopia aromática (Annonaceae) e Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Rutaceae), bem como avalia a capacidade tripanocida e os efeitos citotóxicos dos mesmos. As análises químicas dos óleos foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massa. Os ensaios biológicos foram realizados sobre formas tripomastigota de Trypanosoma cruzi, e a avaliação da atividade citotóxica foi realizada em células da linhagem LLCMK2. Os óleos essenciais com maior atividade tripanocida foram os das folhas de K. coriacea (IC50 = 6,4 µg.mL-1) e dos frutos de X. aromatica (IC50 = 6,4 µg.mL-1), seguidos pelo óleo essencial obtido dos frutos de Z. rhoifolium (IC50 = 8,1 µg.mL-1). Os dois últimos óleos essenciais apresentaram os melhores índices de seletividade (SI). Além disso, o sabineno pode ser responsável por essas propriedades, uma vez que é o principal composto presente nesses óleos essenciais. A análise citotóxica indicou que todos os óleos essenciais avaliados foram tóxicos para as células LLCMK2 em concentrações maiores que 100 µg.mL-1 e, portanto, são excelentes candidatos ao desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antiparasitários.
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