The influence of water vapour on the oxidation of Ti-50 at.'% Al was studied a t 900"C.Thick. well-adherent oxide scales were formed consisting of an outer TiO, layer and an inner heterogeneous mixture of Ti02 and A1203. The interface between these layers is marked by large pores and A1202 particles embedded in TiOz. No compact Al2O3 barrier layer was observed. The oxidation leads to formation of a two phase. oxygen enriched subsurface zone, which is Al-depleted by inncr oxidation of A1 to Al2O3.The oxidation kinetics were followed by continuous thermogravimetry. Exposure in moist oxygen leads to an accelerated attack compared with oxidation in dry oxygen. In moist oxygen the rate is linear after a short transition period. The oxidation rate is influenced by water partial pressure and oxygen partial pressure.Der EinfluB von Wasserdampf auf die Oxidation von Ti-SO At.% A1 wurde bei 900°C untersucht. Es entstehen mehrlagige,gut haftende Oxidschichten, die sich aus ciner luReren Ti02-Schicht und einem inneren, heterogenen Gemenge aus Ti02 und A1203 zusammensctzen. Zwischen diesen beiden Teilschichten befinden sich A1203-Partikcl cingebettct in poriisem TiOz. Eine kompakte Alz03-Barriereschicht wurde nicht beobachtel. Die Oxidation l'iihrt zu einer zweiphasigen, sauerstoffreichen Metallrandzone, die aufgrund einer inneren Oxidation von Al zu A1203 an Alverarmt ist.Die Kinetik der Oxidation wurde kontinuicrlich thcrmogravimetrisch bestimmt. Die Auslagerung in feuchtem Sauerstoff fuhrt zu cinem im Vcrgleich zur Oxidation in trockenein Sauerstoff beschleunigten Angriff. In feuchtcm Sauerstoff @lgt die Oxidation einem linearen Zeitgesetz nach eincr kurzen Ubergangsperiode. Die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit wird vom Wasserund Sauerstoffpartialdruck heeinflu8t.

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Objective of this study was to asses the influence of coping activities on stroke disability- and handicap-outcomes. Of special interest was to investigate if and how the variable "side of lesion" influenced the relationship between coping activities and outcomes. 105 stroke patients (50 women, 55 men, mean age 71.1 years) were investigated. The coping activities of the stroke patients were investigated with the "Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness" (PQCI). The Disability Outcomes were investigated with the "Depression Status Inventory" (DSI) and the "Self Concept Scale for General Feelings of Self Worth". The Handicap-Outcomes were investigated with the "Perceived Quality of Life Scale" (PQoL) and the "Oxford Handicap Scale" (OHS). Unaffected by the side of lesion, depressive coping showed negative influences on the investigated outcomes. The strategy "trivialization and wishful thinking" intensified significantly the prevailing mood of depression of patients who suffered a right hemisphere stroke. The same negative influence of this strategy was detected on the psycho-social condition of these patients. The influence of the strategies "active and problem-focused coping", "distractive and self-reconstructive coping" and "religious and meaning-searching coping" remained unaffected by the stroke side. These strategies showed no influence on the investigated outcomes. Depressive coping should be avoided.

This study longitudinally examines the intensive and effective ways of coping in a cohort of 63 stroke patients (aged 38 - 85 yrs.). The coping activities of the stroke patients are investigated with the "Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness (FQCI)". In the acute phase (t1), especially the compliance-focused coping strategies are very often used, whereas the problem-focused, self-constructive strategies leading to a quest for sense are only used quite often. Three months later (t2), compliance- and problem-focused coping strategies are employed with less intensity, the self-constructive ones, however, in a more intensive way. The strategies leading to a quest for sense are hardly employed in an intensive way any longer. A subjective estimation made by the examined stroke patients shows that the most effective coping strategies in the acute phase (t1) are problem- and compliance-focused. Self-constructive coping strategies come second and strategies with regard to a quest for sense only third in view of their effectiveness. Three months later (t2), the effective coping strategies are still problem-focused but only to a very small degree, while the effectiveness of compliance-focused strategies is lost completely. The self-constructive coping behaviour will now become the most effective one, a behaviour which proves to be even more inclined to a quest for sense than in the acute phase.

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