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COPD may begin with symptoms that are only mild at first even in a longstanding smoker. The available diagnostic techniques need better prospective validation with respect to relevant endpoints, including mortality, symptom progression, quality of life, and frequency of exacerbations.

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The use of deep convolutional neural networks is becoming increasingly popular in the engineering and manufacturing sectors. However, managing the distribution of trained models is still a difficult task, partially due to the limitations of standardized methods for neural network representation. This paper seeks to address this issue by proposing a standardized format for convolutional neural networks, based on the Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML). A number of pre-trained ImageNet models are converted to the proposed PMML format to demonstrate the flexibility and utility of this format. These models are then fine-tuned to detect casting defects in Xray images. Finally, a scoring engine is developed to evaluate new input images against models in the proposed format. The utility of the proposed format and scoring engine is demonstrated by benchmarking the performance of the defect-detection models on a range of different computation platforms. The scoring engine and trained models are made available at https://github.com/maxkferg/python-pmml.