Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Summary: Female wage discrimination, direct costs and opportunity costs of children, and the division of labour within the family have to be considered simultaneously at a theoretical level. This study arose from a favourable constellation in the formulation of questions and data availability of the GSOEP, which allowed child costs and female wage discrimination to be estimated simultaneously. By making further assumptions about typical biographies, we obtain the following results: Women's gross wage rates are 8.6% lower than the wage rates of men with equal endowments of human capital. The progressive German income-tax rates reduce female income discrimination by about 30%. The costs of bringing up two children to the age of 16 are about Euro 200,000. If parents equally forgo gainful employment, they face further opportunity costs of about Euro 15,000 to 18,000. Terms of use: Documents in

Viktor Artemov and Olga Novokhatskaya: Changes in the use of time and the state of health of the Russian population in the 1980s-1990s Rainer Hufnagel: Entropy and stability in time use -An empirical investigation based on the German Time Use Survey Hannu Pääkkönen: Alone at home David Deal: Time for play -An exploratory analysis of the changing consumption contexts of digital games Joachim Merz and Henning Stolze: Representative time use data and new harmonised calibration of the American Heritage Time Use Data (AHTUD) 1965-1999 Time-pieces New developments in time-technologyprojects, data, computing, services Book notes by Kimberly Fisher

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The German Socio-Economic Panel asks respondents every year how much time they spend on child care. The time devoted to children in the past can thus be reconstructed and used as a variable for explaining children's success in primary school. Parents' education and some socio-economic features are used as further explanatory variables. Parents' education and the time mothers spent on child care have a significantly positive effect on primary school results. Implications are discussed in a framework given by the New Political Economy.