The absence of biological diversity has become one of the most worrying damages today since the disappearance of species and animal habitat on an alarming scale has been taking place. The biological communities that are sheltered in Brazil, hold much of the amount of biodiversity found in the terrestrial globe, this is caused by the sense of having a center of abundance and endemism of several species. The objective is to demonstrate the importance of the biodiversity of the Amazon forest for the maintenance of ecosystems. The study on marine biodiversity in the country focuses on ecology, taxonomy, and inventories, although there are also studies on several other fronts, which include modeling, genetics, bioprospecting, fish stocks, and other marine natural resources. In the international arena, the geopolitical importance of the Amazon has been defined by its ample stock of strategic resources, which provoke vested interests in the geopolitical tactics of countries and international organizations, by the possession of what environmentalists and ecologists now call "natural capital or intangible capital ". Logo¸ The biodiversity of the Amazon is fundamental for ecological and human development, as well as influencing national and international economic processes. In addition, it is important to know and understand it, so as to be able to explore without damage the diversity of fauna and flora, being a valuable tool to disseminate information about the Amazon region, encouraging the advancement of new scientific research.

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A species is a bioindicator, when it presents or not, tolerance to the environmental variations. Thus, the importance is precisely to identify the relationship that occurs between living beings and environmental parameters and the changes caused to the environment from actions associated with climate change. The objective is to present clearly the importance of biological indicators in the evaluation of water quality, the main responses emitted by the aquatic community submitted to climate change. The data obtained and analyzed indicated that it should not be ignored that the biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems will also influence the identification of the needs of the population, whether for consumption, agriculture, livestock, leisure or environmental protection/maintenance. Therefore, studies have warned of a deepening and more frequent in the studies about the direct and indirect actions on the aquatic community, with that, to use organisms to identify the contamination of these ecosystems, is determinant for complete monitoring about the quality of the water.

Desertification is a phenomenon that results from the combination of natural factors, mainly the episodic droughts; and anthropogenic factors, such as overgrazing, deforestation and removal of vegetation cover, together with agricultural activities that take place above the carrying capacity of the environment. In Brazil, the Caatinga biome is the most affected, second only to the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado. It is estimated that 80% of the vegetation is completely modified, due to extractivism and agriculture, with most of these areas in early or intermediate stages of ecological succession. However, the objective of this bibliographical research was to show the causes and consequences of desertification in the Caatinga and the methods that are attributed to prevention. It should be noted that the physical and chemical restrictions of soils, the scarcity of water in the semi-arid Northeast, as well as the intensive exploitation of natural resources and overgrazing make the Caatinga vulnerable to desertification and the threat of extinction of species of fauna and flora native to the region, however, this process can be controlled, avoided, and even reversed, as long as there is the involvement of the population and that government bodies propose solutions, together with communities and schools and the whole society to resolve, or to the less, seek sustainable alternatives, offering technical assistance for the management of these areas and encouraging environmental preservation so that there is no overload of problems in risk areas. In places where the desertification process has already taken place, investments are needed for its containment; however, the cost is in the order of billions of dollars.

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