To produce maximum mydriasis, with minimum systemic effects, preventive strategies such as using the lowest drug concentration, punctual occlusion, eyelid closure, allowing adequate time for the pharmacologic effect to occur, and the use of microdrops in infants should be adopted.

No abstract

In line with ADNOC Codes of Practice, areas where fatal H2S concentrations could exist must be classified as ‘Red Zones'. Personnel in these zones should always be under air. Al Hosn Gas facilities in the Shah field have large areas categorized as Red Zones. This presents a challenge as personnel working in these areas have to traverse long distances under air and on foot from the Red Zone perimeter to the units within, and back. Al Hosn Gas has overcome this challenge with the development and implementation of an innovative Red Zone Vehicle. These specialized vehicles are suitable for all terrain movement and have been fitted with breathing air cylinders that can provide up to 1 hour of breathing air for up to 5 occupants, a gas monitoring screen that displays various parameters in real time, a flammable gas permissive start option and a permanent monitoring system that continuously compares the flammability of surrounding air with stored calibrated air to de-energise vehicle if a certain limit (i.e. 10% LEL) is breached, a special valve to automatically shut-off the air intake to the diesel engine if the engine accelerates rapidly in flammable atmospheres, a spark arrestor and flashing strobes & beacons which activate upon toxic or flammable gas detection. With the implementation of the above innovation and safeguards, travel time in the plant Red Zone has been reduced by 82% (also reducing heat exposure) and up to 71% breathing air is now conserved and available to personnel in their personal SCBA sets when travelling the longest route in the Red Zone (approximately 1.5km). The breathing air system and the flammable gas protection systems are relatively inexpensive to install and are easy to upgrade individually as and when newer technologies are made available. This would not require replacement or a complete overhaul of the existing vehicle. Further, the same systems have been fitted across a wider range of industrial vehicles e.g. cranes, forklifts, trucks, etc. thus enabling an increased range of safe maintenance activities in the Red Zone. At present, 20 existing vehicles (consisting of pick-ups, cranes, fork-lifts, cherry pickers, and a delivery truck) in the Shah Gas Plant have been successfully converted into Red Zone vehicles to allow for safe, efficient movement and smooth maintenance activities within the red zones.