Outcomes with EVL and RF were good, with low complication rates that may be related to the use of local tumescent anesthesia without intravenous sedation.

ELAS for symptomatic saphenous vein incompetence and varicose veins has excellent short-term subjective and objective outcomes. This technique appears to be very successful in reducing symptoms, resolving varicose veins, and healing ulcers.

Percutaneous thrombin injection of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms is an effective treatment. Not only is it minimally painful, but it can be done as an outpatient procedure and anticoagulation therapy does not hinder the success. Minimal thrombin seems necessary to successfully treat pseudoaneurysms that may further limit procedure-related complications.

Thoracic endoluminal grafting with the Gore Excluder is a safe and feasible alternative to open graft repair and can be performed successfully with good results. Early data suggest an endoluminal approach to these disease entities may be favorable over classical resection and graft replacement.