BackgroundDevelopmental delay refers to the insufficient acquisition of age-appropriate developmental milestones. According to World Health Organization, approximately 5% of all children under the age of 14 years display some developmental disability.
Testis follows a predictable course during its stepwise descent from its site of origin in the lumbar region to its final destination in ipsilateral hemi-scrotum. Undesended (cryptorchid) testis is more prone for neoplastic transformation. Testicular teratoma is rare relative to ovarian teratoma and occurs rarely prenatally than postnatally. Teratoma is composed of derivatives of three germ layers. Ultrasound with color Doppler is the most commonly used modality for assessment of prenatal status. Prenatal diagnosis of cryptorchid testicular teratoma involves identification of well-defined, complex solid-cystic lesion with calcifications along the path of testicular descent and absent testis in ipsilateral hemi-scrotum at 36 weeks of gestation. Complications associated with cryptorchid testicular teratoma include torsion, hemorrhage, or malignant transformation. Early diagnosis is important to avoid complications, and hence, ultrasound imaging features play an important role in diagnosis.
Background: Because of its wide array of advantages, MRI has gained popularity in evaluation of the
musculoskeletal system. The advantages include non-invasiveness, lack of ionizing radiations, superior
soft-tissue imaging and direct multiplanar imaging. Excellent visualization of cartilage, ligaments, tendons and bones can be
achieved by the high resolution images of MRI. MRI can provide a comprehensive evaluation of ankle, including soft tissue and
bone pathology. The soft tissue contrast resolution of MRI is superior to that of CT, and MRI is as good as or better than CT for
most bone pathology. MRI is more sensitive than CT in the detection of stress fractures and trabecular bone injury.[4] Aim &
Objective: 1.To study the normal anatomy of ankle joint on MRI.2 To assess acute traumatic injury patterns of ankle joint.3.To
study the role of MRI in the evaluation of traumatic injuries of ankle joint..4 To study the chronic sequelae of ankle injuries.
Methods: Study setting: Cross sectional study Tertiary care center. Study duration: 2 years ( from October 2019 to March 2021).
Study population: The study population included all the cases with traumatic ankle injury referred to the Dept. of
Radiodiagnosis our institute for MRI scan with or without X-ray ndings admitted at a tertiary care center such cases were
included in the study. 50 Majority of cases found in 20-30 years age group 18( 36% Sample size: Results: ) followed by 40-50
group 12 cases (24%), 9 cases in 30-40, 7 cases in >50 and 4 cases in 10-20. Males contributing 34 (68%) and females 16 (32%).
Deltoid ligament injuries are observed in 12 patients. However, isolated injuries are not seen. Deltoid ligament injuries are
associated with bone, other ligamentous and tendon injuries. Anterior compartment tendon injuries were not observed in this
study. 16 patients had a history of acute inversion injury. MRI plays an important role Conclusions: for planning further
management and to decide whether the patient will require conservative or surgical management. Even though anatomical
variants and technical artefacts can mimic a tear on MRI, it is still considered the primary imaging modality for optimal
depiction of internal derangement in ankle injury. Common injuries observed in our study are - anterior talo- bular ligament
injury, deltoid ligament injury, tenosynovitis, bone contusions and joint effusion.
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