Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antiulcer activity of callus derived metabolites. Material and Method: The effect of different (2,, Indole-3-Acetic acid, (IAA), Indole-3-Butyric Acid(IBA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid(NAA)) growth hormones and their combination on callus formation, callus texture and weight (fresh and dry) of Jasminum sambac were investigated. In this investigation revealed that the best callus performance seen in individual MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and combination 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D along with 1.5 mg/L IAA. Antiulcer activity was studied using the pylorus ligation method. A dosage of 200mg/kg b.w used for albino wistar rats was selected from the LD50 study.Ulcer inhibition and ulcer score, gastric volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity and pepsin, carbohydrate and protein ratio were analyzed.Result and Discussion: Plant has show higher activity in percentage of callus formation in MS media supplemented with single hormone of 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The friable callus was observed in single and combination of the hormone concentration. The callus extract also comprehensively decreased the gastric volume, free and total acidity, and improved the pH of the gastric fluid, proving its antisecretory activity. The results of this study showed that the surveyed extracts of the investigated callus exhibited potent antiulcerogenic activity and dose related activity.

BACKGROUND Warfarin is the most commonly used oral anticoagulant for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disorders. Pharmacogenomics studies have shown that variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes are strongly and consistently associated with warfarin dose variability. METHODOLOGY In this review, we included patients on stable warfarin dose and had the genetics and non-genetics factors associated with mean warfarin dose. We searched PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google scholar and reference lists of relevant reviews. CONCLUSION Genetic and non-genetic factors affects the dose of warfarin. Genetic factors and Non genetic factors plays a signicant role and that may affects the dose of warfarin