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The most common pathogens causing TD in Nepal were Campylobacter, ETEC, and Shigella. Because resistance to fluoroquinolone or azithromycin was similar, one of these drugs could be used as empiric therapy for TD with the other reserved for treatment failures.

Stools from 124 Nepalese children aged 6 to 60 months with diarrhea were examined for organisms of the coccidian genus Cyclospora and for other enteric pathogens. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter species, Cyclospora species, and Cryptosporidium species were the most common pathogens identified. Cyclospora species were detected in none of 74 children <18 months of age compared with 6 (12%) of 50 children >18 months of age (P ‫؍‬ 0.004).

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