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Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion weighted MR imaging and to propose a cut off ADC value in differentiating benign from malignant prostatic lesions considering histopathology as gold standard.Methods: It is a descriptive type of observational study done on 40 patients with clinical suspicion of prostate carcinoma and elevated PSA level more than 4ng/ml. The patients underwent Multiparametric prostate MRI and ADC values were calculated using ADC maps.Results: Of the 40 cases included in the study histopathology revealed a diagnosis of abscess (1), chronic prostatitis (2), BPH with chronic prostatitis (4), BPH (12), and malignancy (21). The mean and standard deviation (SD) of ADC values for the abscess (0.59), CP (0.83+0.16), BPH with CP (0.94+0.22), BPH (1.14+0.14) and malignancy (0.72+0.15) (x10-3mm2/s) were found in our study. The mean ADC value of malignant lesion was lower (0.727+0.149) as compare to benign lesion (1.034+0.216) and this difference was found to be statistically significant with p<0.001. By using ROC curve, ADC cut off value was calculated as 0.92 x 10-3mm2/s and sensitivity, specificity at this cut off value of ADC were 95.24% and 73.68% respectively. The PPV, NPV, diagnostic accuracy of at this cut off value of ADC were 80%, 93.33%, 85% respectively.Conclusions: Our study shows that DWI with ADC calculation helps in differentiation of Benign from Malignant prostatic lesions with high accuracy and this quantitative analysis should be incorporated in routine MRI evaluation of prostatic lesions

ntroduction: Evaluation for CHD lead to inadvertent radiation exposure to children. With objective of minimising radiation exposure, we developed a size based (SB) novel low kVp low dose CT protocol for pediatrics population. All CT chest examinationsMaterial and methods: performed on PHILIPS Ingenuity core 64-slice multi detector CT machine. A total of sixty children with suspected/diagnosed CHD were randomized to either novel SB protocol or machine's default AEC based low dose pediatric chest CT protocol . Our protocol consisted of keeping tube voltage 80 kVp in all patients and tube current (mA) being modulated according to size of subjects (chest circumference). All CT dose parameters (ED, CTDI vol, DLP and mA) were recorded for comparison. Image quality of the two methods compared by two radiologists blinded to the method. After analysing and comparing with other studies for all the CT dose variables we concluded that all CT radiation exposureResults: values as measured by ED, CTDI vol, SSDE, DLP were lower in SB protocol as comparison to default AEC based protocol in those corresponding to <12 months age group. In 1-5 year- ED, SSDE, CTDI vol and DLP was equivalent in both size based and AEC based low dose protocols. In 6-18 year ED, SSDE, CTDI vol and DLP was slightly higher in size based low dose protocol. In younger age group ( <12 months of age) SBConclusion: protocol should be preferred as compared to default machine protocol. In children with >1 years of age , low dose AEC protocol is better from perspective of radiation exposure.

Background: Specific factors that increases a mother’s risk of carrying a fetus with CHD, with the use of extended views in fetal echocardiography in addition to basic standard views there is increased detection of CHDs. Purpose of study current study was to investigate the role of fetal echocardiography in prenatal diagnosis of the congenital heart diseases in high-risk pregnancies between 18-36 weeks of gestational age and to determine the proportion of occurrences of different types of CHDs in and high-risk group.Methods: Observational study with consecutive sampling 880 subjects. Study done in department of radiodiagnosis, SNMC, Jodhpur, RajasthanResults: With use of basic standard views, extended views and 3D views total 27 cases were detected out of all 880 subjects, which is significant statistically. Many CHDs which can be missed by the standard views, can be more efficiently detected with use of extended views in the fetal echocardiography.Conclusions: Most common type of CHD was found to be VSD and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.