The present research was undertaken to study the antifungal activities of Origanum onites L. and Ziziphora clinopodioides L. essential oils against three different isolates (M1-5, M2-1 and M3-5) of Botrytis cinerea (in vitro tests) and to investigate the vapor contact impacts on fungus and strawberry fruit quality (in vivo tests). Antifungal activities of these oils were tested by following the poisoned food technique at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mL/L) against B. cinerea. In vitro studies suggested that the 0.50 mL/L and 1.00 mL/L doses of O. onites and 1.00 mL/L and 2.00 mL/L doses of Z. clinopodioides provide high mycelial growth inhibition, 85.29–94.12% and 39.12–94.12%, respectively, by direct addition to food. Thus, these doses were tested in in vivo conditions, as a vapor contact treatment against two isolates (M1-5 and M3-5) of B. cinerea inoculated on strawberry cv. Camarosa fruits. Results showed that both O. onites and Z. clinopodioides essential oils have a moderate to high impact on the prevention of gray mold. The oils were also found to have a slight to moderate impact on weight loss and the loss of soluble solids concentration. Overall, the results demonstrated that the tested oils are a potential biodegradable alternative to fungicides.

No abstract

Weeds impose serious problems in maize (corn) production, resulting in reduced crop yields and lower profits for farmers. The adverse effects of weeds have been attributed to the competition with maize plants for light, water, and nutrients, which can result in reduced growth and yield of the crop. In this context, effective weed management is important to minimize the negative impact of weeds on maize production. This can be achieved through a combination of cultural, mechanical, and chemical control methods. The use of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides as sequential or individual applications of these herbicides can be an effective way to manage weeds in maize. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 in order to determine the efficacy of sequential and individual applications of Dimethenamid-P + Terbuthylazine and Isoxaflutole + Thiencarbazone methyl + Cyprosulfamide as pre- emergence. On the other hand, Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron and Dicamba + Nicosulfuron were used as post-emergence herbicides. The effects of the herbicides were also assayed on corn yield and related parameters. In this regard, we designed the experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Accordingly, the effect of the herbicides varied according to the active ingredients of the herbicide and the weed species. In addition, the effectiveness of herbicides varied according to the assessment times. The lowest effect was found on E. crus-galli, which was obtained from Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron (MN) (35%) plots. Other herbicides showed high efficacy (95–100%). Concerning values of both years, the highest cob length, cob diameter, 1000-grain weight, and plant height were obtained in weed-free control plots and the highest grain yield was obtained in the control plots with weed-free checks as 12.88 tons/ha and 12.37 tons/ha, respectively. The lowest corn grain yield was obtained in weedy control plots in both years. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of pre- and post- emergence herbicides in maize can be an effective way chemical weed control option.

Bu çalışma Iğdır ili buğday ekim alanlarındaki yabancı ot türlerini, yoğunluklarını, rastlanma sıklıklarını, kaplama alanlarını belirlemek ve önemli bazı yabancı otların gelişme biyolojilerini incelemek amacı ile 2017-2018 üretim döneminde yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla Mayıs-Haziran aylarında Iğdır Merkez, Aralık, Karakoyunlu ve Tuzluca ilçelerinde buğday ekim alanları göz önünde bulundurularak sürveyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürveylerde dört adet 1m 2 'lik çerçeveler tesadüfi olarak tarlanın içine atılmış çerçeve içerisine denk gelen yapancı ot türlerinin rastlama sıklıkları (%), yoğunlukları (adet/m 2 ) ve kaplama alanları (%) belirlenmiştir. Sahip oldukları yabancı ot tür sayılarına göre en geniş üç familya sırasıyla Asteraceae (18), Brassicaceae ve Poaceae (13) olmuştur. Rastlama sıklığı en fazla çıkan 10 adet dar ve geniş yapraklı yabancı ot türlerinin gelişme biyolojileri BBCH skalası doğrultusunda incelenen yabancı ot türleri;

This study was carried out in Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven Campus to investigate the effects of different mulch materials on weed control, cucumber yield and soil temperature and moisture in cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) cultivation in 2020 and 2021. Five mulch materials (flax cover, peat, chopped paper, straw and fresh grass) were used in the study. Temperature and humidity loggers were used in the study. The research was established in a randomized block design with 7 characters and 4 replications. In the years of the study, the effects of mulch applications on weed dry weights and cucumber yield and some yield components were determined. As a result of the study, a total of 12 weed species belonging to 7 families were determined in the trial area. As a result of the analysis, the effects of mulching on weed dry weight and cucumber yield (P=0.00