Summary Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an infectious disease of cattle and buffalo caused by particular serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and is one ofthe most economically important livestock diseases in South-East Asia. While HS has been recognized for many years, very little is understood about the disease, primarily because ofthe expense of cattle and a lack of suitable animal models. The suitability of using mice to study HS was assessed using parameters such as the critical pathogenic dose, kinetics of infection, pathology of disease and resistance to reinfection. Pasteurella multocida Ml404. the type strain for Carter group B, the serotype responsible for Asian HS. was injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice. As few as 20 colony forming units produced an overwhelming septicaemia in mice in less than 30 h. The kinetics of infection demonstrated a very rapid in viva multiplication rate. There was no evidence of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by natural host defence mechanisms, even with the very small inocula used. The gross pathology ofthe disease in mice was characterized by splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and petechial haemorrhages similar to that observed in cattle and buffalo with HS. Mice were found to develop a short-lived resistance to reinfection following a primary infection which had been successfully treated with antibiotics. The mouse would seem to provide an ideal tool by which to study HS. but warrant further studies in order to be able to critically assess it as a model for this economically important disease.

Neuroimaging, behavioral and self-report evidence suggests that there are four main cognitive mechanisms that support mindfulness: 1) self-regulation of attention, 2) improved body awareness, 3) improved emotion regulation, and 4) change in perspective on the self. The current paper discusses these mechanisms, based on studies of Event Related Potential (ERP). We review the ERP literature related to mindfulness and examine a dataset of 29 articles. Our findings show that the neural features of mindfulness are consistently associated with the self-regulation of attention and, in most cases, reduced reactivity to emotional stimuli and improved cognitive control. On the other hand, there appear to be no studies of body awareness. We link these electrophysiological findings to models of consciousness, and introduce a unified, mechanistic mindfulness model. The main idea in this refined model is that mindfulness decreases the threshold of conscious access. We end with several working hypotheses that could direct future mindfulness research, and clarify our results.

Chatbot is considered as one of the hottest technology in recent years. It is used by various sector to serve its customer automatically. It gives benefits to business, primarily in customer care. Chatbot can be divided into 2 (two) types. One operates based on set of rules. It can be used with set of spesific command. The other types uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to provide its service. Chatbot can be utilised as well in education sector. Campus gives service to its students or faculty by providing information and academic service. Commonly, academic information and service has supported by information technology, usually in particular website.  But, not all of the services are available and newest information does not always accessed timely. Hence, this research built a chatbot based on Telegram to provide information and academic services in informatic engineering department of mataram university. Telegram provides API that can be used to develop bot. The bot is built using Python, SQLite as the database and React. Prototyping model is used as a development method. The bot prototype is able to broadcast newest information to its register user and provides academic service such as theses program and internship program.

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Life satisfaction on the Elderly were influenced by various factors. This study aims to describe: 1).the level of life satisfaction, spiritual intelligence and Elderly family support, 2) the contribution of spiritual intelligence and family support either individually or jointly to the Elderly life satisfication. The research population were the elderly in the city of Padang, with samples are 60 people, by using non probability sampling techniques. The instruments used in the research is the Likert scale model. Reliability test results on spiritual intelligence was 0.844; while the family support and life satisfaction are each valued at 0.542 and 0,871. The results of the validity of the average instrument for spiritual intelligence 0,542, familie supports and life satisfaction are each valued at 0.510 and 0,492. The results of this study showed that spiritual intelligence, family support and life satisfaction were in high requirements for the Elderly life satisfaction and the spiritual intelligence and support families either singly or together were contributing to the Elderly life satisfaction.Keywords : Elderly, Spiritual Intelligence, Family Support, Life Satisfaction