In the 21st-century internet, addiction has become a common phenomenon among students. Internet addiction is sometimes referred to as internet addiction disorder, pathological internet usage, internet reliance, problematic internet use, overuse and compulsive internet use. And cognitive failure is outlined as the probable consequence of a general failure of the cognitive and control system. The present study has aimed to determine the relationship between cognitive failure and internet addiction of higher secondary students of the Purulia district of West Bengal. For the present study, the researchers have used descriptive survey-type research. The data for the present study has been collected from seventy-eight (78) class XI students from randomly selected two schools in the Purulia district of West Bengal, India, using a simple random sampling technique. The researchers have used appropriate descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, correlation and inferential statistics like the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality test, ‘t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for data analysis. The result revealed a significant relationship between cognitive failure and internet addiction among higher secondary Purulia district of West Bengal students. However, no significant difference has been observed in cognitive failure and internet addiction regarding gender, location and stream.